Social Studies Flashcards
1
Q
_________ crossed the ice bridge to get to America.
A
Paleo Indians
2
Q
Where did the Mayans live?
A
Yucatan Peninsula
3
Q
When the Europeans arrived, most of the Mayans lived where?
A
Guatamala
4
Q
How did the Mayan leaders get their position?
A
They were inherited
5
Q
Describe where the Mayans lived.
A
Hot
very few animals
not a lot of rivers
6
Q
Describe the Mayan Empire
A
There was never a Mayan Empire
7
Q
What do you call the time in which the Mayans had many accomplishments.
A
Classical Age
8
Q
What did the Mayans do in order to gain protection from drought, famine and war?
A
Offered sacrifices
9
Q
Describe the Mayan hierachy
A
King Priest Nobles Farmers Slaves
10
Q
What as the main Mayan diet?
A
Maze
11
Q
The Mayan number system was based on what number?
A
20
12
Q
What housing structure did most Mayans live in?
A
huts
13
Q
Where did Master Mayans live?
A
Temples
14
Q
What was the name of the Mayan ball game and describe how it was played.
A
Por-a-tok, if you lost you died, Prisoners were used to play the game
15
Q
Describe the Mayan belief system.
A
They believed in many gods (sun, corn, moon)
16
Q
Majority of the Mayan people did what for a living.
A
Farmers
17
Q
Where did the Aztecs live?
A
Mid-1100’s AD they migrated to central Mexico
18
Q
What is the Aztec capital? When was it founded?
A
Tenochtitlan, 1325 AD
19
Q
Where was the Aztec religion formed?
A
Mexico
20
Q
Did the Aztecs sacrifice to gods?
A
yes, they used sharp blades and sacrificed people
21
Q
Describe the Aztec diet.
A
Lime, tomatoes, cashews, potatoes
22
Q
Describe the Aztec conflict with the Mayans.
A
There was no conflict, the Aztec were peaceful people
23
Q
How did the Aztec expand their land?
A
The were worriers and fought
24
Q
What did the earliest Americans do for a living?
A
they were hunter-gatherers
25
What were the earliest Americans main crop?
Maze
26
How did the Anasazi grow their crops?
they used irrigation to increase food production in the dry climate
27
Describe the Anasazi housing
- They lived in pit houses dug into the ground
- Later they built pueblos
- often built complex houses on cliff walls to defend against attacks
- they built kivas (sacred areas) at the centers of the community
28
What may have caused the Anasazi to abandon their villages?
Drought, disease and raids by other tribes
29
Describe how the Native Americans of the North were different than the ones in the South in how they survived.
The North Americans of the North were hunters and fishers, the ones of the South were hunters and fishers and also gatherers
30
Totem pole
carved of animals or ancestor spirits
31
Describe how the Native Americans of the Great Plains survived
They were nomadic hunters, survived on abundant wildlife of grasslands
32
How did the Native Americans of Great Plains live?
lived in tepees made of animal hides
33
Who were the Iroquios League
an alliance of many groups that defended one another
34
Where did the Incas live?
Andes Mountains of Peru
35
What was the name of the capital of the Inca City?
Cuzco
36
List the areas that were a part of the Incas Empire.
Northern Ecuador
| Central Chile
37
What was the name of the Inca language?
Quechua
38
List two technological advancement of the Incas?
calculator
| paved roads
39
What was Mita?
mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire, people took turns providing labor for free (eg. building highways)
40
How did the Incas keep records?
a system called quipu using knotted strings
41
What animals did the Incas use as a beast of burden?
Llamas, alpaca and guinea pigs
42
Why did the Incas create terraces?
built to make most efficient shallow soil to enable irrigation of crops
43
When did Africa first attract the Europeans? What attracted them to Africa?
15th century when Vasco da Gama rounded the cape of Good Hope
44
What year did Vasco da Gama round the Cape of Good Hope?
1498
45
Who were the first European slave traders in Africa?
Portuguese
46
How did the Portuguese expand the slave trade?
They brought slaves to Europe and the New World
47
Why did the Europeans turn to Africa for slaves?
They needed workers for the plantations in the New World. They used the Native Indians but the population declined due to ill treatment and disease.
48
Where did the Portuguese take the Africans?
Brazil, English, Franch and Dutch Colonies
49
T/F All African societies are patrilineal.
False Some are matrilineal and others are patrilineal
50
How was lineage in Africa determined?
Inheritances and marriage
51
Describe the African religion.
played a major role in their lives
believed that nature if filled with living and non-living spirits, and spirits of ancestors spoke to the elders in dreams
52
What was the nationality of Hernan Cortez?
Spanish
53
Conquistador
soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas
54
How did Cortez conquer the Aztecs?
Enemies of the Aztecs helped him
55
What did the Aztec think about Cortez?
They thought that he was a god because someone had a prophecy
56
Why were the Spaniards able to conquer the Natives?
1. superior military technology
2. Spanish horses frightened the Natives
3. they had muskets and cannons
4. Spaniards had metal helmets & armor protected them from the bows & arrows
5. diseases brought by the Europeans weakened & killed the Natives
6. division among the Indians helped the Spaniards
57
Where did the Spanish Empire expand?
Mexico, Peru, America (California, Puerto Rico, Florida, Mississippi, Oklahoma and Texas)
58
How did the printing press help to spread the Protestant ideas?
They printed a large number of Bibles which were given out
59
What were the French Protestants called?
Huguenots
60
What helped England's navy defeat the Spanish Armada?
The change of wind direction made the Spanish come out of the sea
61
What happened to the French settlers in Florida?
They were chased out of Florida
62
Who founded Puerto Rico?
Ponce de Leon & Christopher Columbus
63
Who conquered the Aztecs?
Cortez
64
Who conquered the Incas?
Pizarro
65
Protestant Reformation
religious movement that began as an effort to reform the Catholic church
66
Protestants
reformers who protested some of the Catholic Church's Practices
67
Spanish Armada
huge fleet of Spanish war-ships
68
Northwest Passage
water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific
69
Jacques Cartiers
French explorers who sailed up the St. Lawrence River looking for the Northwest passage
70
Charter
document giving permission to start a colony
71
The name of the priest who launched a Protestant Reformation. What year?
Martin Luther, 1517
72
Who was the King that took charge of the Protestant Church.
King Henry VIII in 1534-he began the Anglican church (Church of England)
73
Describe the war between England and Spain.
King Philip II of Spain (Catholic) put together the Spanish Armada. He went to defeat England with more ships but England defeated the Armada. Spain was already in trouble because of inflation.
74
Inflation
rise in prices aused by an increase in the amount of money in use
75
Who was Sir Walter Raleigh
he was given an English charter that went to North America. He sent colonist to Roanoke, North Carolina which failed. He then went to Jamestown.
76
Where did Sir Walter Raleigh visit first?
Roanoke then Jamestown.
77
What was Bacon's Rebellion?
Because they wanted to raise taxes and not everyone could afford to pay it. As a result, they were not allowed to worship freely in the Church. The leaders of England were afraid that the Catholics would ally with the Catholic Counsel.
78
Who was the leader of the Bacon's Rebellion?
Nathaniel Bacon
79
How did the Bacon Rebellion end?
Nathaniel Bacon died of a fever and the Rebellion ended
80
What was the name of the company that formed to settle Jamestown?
Virginia Company of London
81
Who became the leader of Jamestown?
John Smith
82
Who was Pocahontas
the daughter of the Powhatan leader who was also the wife of John Rolfe.
83
Who were the Indentured Servants?
Europeans who got their trip to America paid for but they ahd to work for Colonists in Virginia
84
How long did the Indentured Servants have to work?
7 years
85
Toleration Act 1649
Began because of religious conflicts b/w Catholics and Protestants. This bill made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of Christians. The bill did not work
86
Who were Pilgrims
group of Puritans who suffered persecution in England. They became immigrants
They cut all ties with the Church of England in order to escape persecution
87
Where did the Pilgrims settle first?
Netherlands
88
What was the Mayflower Contract?
One of the first times English Colonies tried to govern themselves. A legal contract that gave passengers on the Mayflower fair laws to protect the general good
89
Magna Carter
In 1215, English nobles had forced the King to ive them some rights in the Magna Carter
90
How did the Pilgrims learn to fertilize their soil?
They invited Tisquantm and 90 Wampanoag guests to a feast known as Thanksgiving
91
The name of the place where Puritans and Merchants Founded?
Massachusetts Bay Colony
92
Who lead one of the groups to Massachusetts Bay?
John Winthrop
93
Who were voting members of New England?
Only chosen male church members could vote
94
What were two things linked in Puritan New England?
Politics and Religion
95
Who supported the separation of puritan church?
Minster Roger Williams
96
Who was the governor of 12 colonies for 20 years?
John Winthrop
97
Who led the first large wave of immigrants from England in 1630?
John Winthrop
98
Who was John Winthrop
English Puritan Lawyer who was one of the leading figures in the founding of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
99
What was the second major settlement in New England?
Massachusetts Bay Colony
100
When did the Queen of England die?
1603
101
Who was the Queen of England replaced by?
James I (the first)
102
Who did England become allies with in 1604?
Spain
103
When was the Virginia Company Founded?
1606
104
Crown Colonies
Royal Colonies
105
Joint Stock colonies
When a king gives a charter
106
Proprietary Colony
When you give land as a gift
107
Who was Jamestown named after?
King James I
108
Who made a new tobacco?
John Rolfe
109
In winter how many colonies were there? How many were left after winter?
200 and 64 after winter
