Tyrone’s Rebellion Key Words

Question 1

Anglo-Irish lords: (2)

Answer 1

• Descendants of earlier English settlers who had intermarried with Irish
• They had their own sense of identity, they spoke Gaelic and were proud of their independent status

Question 2

The Pale:

Answer 2

Area around Dublin; traditionally, English rule did not extend beyond it

Question 3

The ‘Irishry’

Answer 3

Lands beyond the pale

Question 4

Lord deputy: (2)

Answer 4

• England controlled Dublin and the Pale through a Lord Deputy
• Until Mary’s reign, this position was held by successive earls of Kildare

Question 5

Tanistry: (3)

Answer 5

• The Irish system that governed the inheritance of titles and land.
• Under this system, all those who were apart of the clan were ruled by a leader chosen from among the adult males of that clan.
• This meant that inheritance of land and titles did not move from father to eldest son, as it did in England

Question 6

Gaelic

Answer 6

Irish language

Question 7

Anglicise: (4)

Answer 7

• Elizabeth faced the potential threat of an Irish-Catholic rising against her rule (especially after 69)
• Began to pursue a more hard-line policy of trying to replace Irish traditions and laws with English ones
• E.g English tried to establish councils to govern regions of Connaught and Munster
• and sub-dividing regions into English style counties using sheriffs

Question 8

Conciliation:

Answer 8

• A peaceful method in which a compromise was reached between the English and the Anglo-Irish
• Used by Henry VIII

Question 9

Tenants-in-chief: (2)

Answer 9

• The Irish nobility were tenants-in-chief of the English Crown’s lands and as such paid rent in military service in the monarch’s armies
• They were given English titles to reflect this status

Question 10

Plantation:

Answer 10

The English Earl of Sussex (appointed a Lord Deputy by Mary) started a new trend by fortifying the Pale and encouraging English settlers to move into territory just outside the Pale with the aim of civilising the Irish by introducing English customs and practices

Question 11

Composition: (4)

Answer 11

• Landowners in Ireland had to pay various charges to both the English and their Irish overlords
• Landlords had to pay money to the English knows as a ‘cess’, to cover the costs of garrisons.
• The same landlords also had to give money to their Irish chieftain to cover the cost of his private army and household
• The English plan was to commute these payments into one single payment to the English authorities; known as composition

Question 12

Commutation:

Answer 12

Transfer of the two payments traditionally paid by the Irish landowners into one single payment to the English authorities