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Rebellion and Disorder under the Tudors, 1485-1603 > How did the relationship between the state and church change? > Flashcards

How did the relationship between the state and church change? Flashcards

1
Q

Acts of Parliament:

A
  • Sole right to grant taxation
  • Sole right to pass laws
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2
Q

Monarch rights over parliament:

A
  • Veto any laws
  • Summon and dismiss parliament at will
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3
Q

Two chambers of parliament:

A

House of Lords and House of Commons

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4
Q

What was necessary to vote?

A

To own property which generated income worth 40 shillings per year

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5
Q

What was common for the nobility to do to ensure their clients were elected?

A

Exercise patronage

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6
Q

Why did Henry VII call Parliament mostly for?

A

Needed grants of taxation to fund wars

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7
Q

How many times did Henry VII summon Parliament?

A

7 times

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8
Q

Opposition from parliament to Henry VII:

A

Parliament of 1504, Henry was forced to accept a small sum in taxation than he asked for due to opposition from the Commons

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9
Q

Henry’s first parliament:

A

After his victory at Battle of Bosworth to enhance his claim to be king

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10
Q

What did Parliament pass a series of to convict Henry’s enemies?

A

Acts of Attainder

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11
Q

How many times did Parliament meet between 1509 and 1529 and why?

A

4 times, mainly to grant taxation to fund Henry VIII’s wars

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12
Q

Granting taxation in 1513:

A

Was not too difficult to persuade parliament as Henry’s wars were going well

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13
Q

Granting taxation in 1517:

A

Most of the initial gains made by Henry had been lost, parliament became less keen to grant increasing amounts of taxation

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14
Q

Thomas Wolsey and Parliament:

A

in 1524, Wolsey met stiff opposition from Commons to exact the amount of taxation he wanted

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15
Q

How much had taxation raised by 1523?

A

£288,814

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16
Q

How much had loans, which had not been repaid, totalled?

A

£260,000

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17
Q

Apart from the tensions in 1523, relations between the king and parliament remained…

A

Harmonious

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18
Q

What did Henry attempt to get from Parliament in 1529?

A

An annulment to his marriage to Catherine of Aragon

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19
Q

Head of the Catholic Church:

A

The Pope, placed in the position by God

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20
Q

What did the church teach were real places?

A

Heaven, Hell and Purgatory

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21
Q

How did the Church affect every aspect of ordinary people’s lives? (4)

A
  • Children were baptised into the Church
  • Church performed marriages and funerals
  • Key source of alms
  • Cared for the sick and elderly
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22
Q

Transubstantiation

A

During Mass, the bread and wine used for Communion becomes the body and blood of Jesus Christ

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23
Q

What was the Church the main source of?

A

Education and learning

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24
Q

What language were church services in?

A

Latin

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25
Q

What were boys offered the opportunity for? (2)

A

-Route to power and increase status
- Monasteries offered boys the opportunity to read and write and the opportunity to go to one of the two English universities, Oxford or Cambridge

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26
Q

What is an example of a career in Church allowing someone to rise to power?

A

Thomas Wolsey - Through Church education and career, he was able to rise to be Henry VIII’s Chancellor and chief minister

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27
Q

Before 1529, the relationship between the monarch and the church was…

A

Harmonious

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28
Q

What did tension arise from between the church and monarch before 1529?

A

Over the power and privilege of the church

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29
Q

Examples of tensions between the church and monarch: (3)

A
  • Appointment of senior churchmen
  • Church’s rights over sanctuary and benefit of the clergy
  • Ability of the papacy to intervene in English church affairs
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30
Q

Why did Henry VII need the support of the church?

A

Equated to support from God for his victory at the Battle of Bosworth

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31
Q

When had Henry VII upheld the traditional privileges of the church? (2)

A
  • Prepared to override sanctuary laws in order to arrest Humphrey who plotted against him in 1486
  • In 1489 and 1491, Henry passed laws tightening controls over who could claim benefit of clergy (but this seems to have been part of an attempt to ensure that those claiming this privilege were genuinely members of the clergy)
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32
Q

An example of harmony between Church and state:

A

Henry VIII was able to ensure that the pope appointed Henry’s own candidate, John Morton, to the top position in the English Church, Archbishop of Canterbury

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33
Q

Anticlericalism in parliament: (2)

A
  • In 1512, there was another Act to limit benefit of the clergy
  • in 1515, the Hunne affair, a rich London merchant accused of heresy had been found dead while in the Bishop of London’s prison
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34
Q

What did Henry VIII regard himself as?

A

Loyal Catholic

35
Q

What book did Henry publish?

A

Assertio Septem Sacramentorum (The Defence of the Seven Sacraments)

36
Q

When was Thomas Wolsey appointed cardinal by the pope?

A

1515

37
Q

Why did Henry VIII want to annul his marriage with Catherine of Aragon?

A

Provided no male heir

38
Q

Why did the pope, Clement VII, not give Henry VIII an annulment?

A

He was under the control of Catherine’s nephew, Charles, the Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of Spain

39
Q

Who replaced Thomas Wolsey?

A

Thomas Cromwell

40
Q

How did Cromwell find the solution to Henry’s control?

A

Used parliament to break from papal control and to place Henry as the head of the English Church

41
Q

How had Parliament threatened the English Church?

A

Act in Conditional Restrain of Annates

42
Q

Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates:

A

Put a temporary stop to payments to Rome

43
Q

When was the Act in Conditional Restrain of Annates?

A

1532

44
Q

When was the Submission of the Clergy?

A

1532

45
Q

Submission of the Clergy: (3)

A
  • English churchmen agreed to accept power over them
  • Were not allowed to call Convocation without his permission
  • Were not allowed to pass canons (Church laws) without his agreement
46
Q

When was the Act of Restraint of Appeals?

A

1533

47
Q

Act of Restrain of Appeals: (2)

A
  • Stopped legal appeals in Church court cases being sent to Rome
  • Created statute law
48
Q

When was the first Act of Supremacy?

A

1534

49
Q

Act of Supremacy:

A

Confirmed Henry VIII as the head of the English Church under English law

50
Q

When was the Act of Succession?

A

1534

51
Q

Act of Succession:

A

Declared that his first marriage to Catherine had never been valid, making Mary illegitimate

52
Q

What was the supremacy given by the Act of Parliament?

A

Statute law, those who disobeyed the law could be punished under that law

53
Q

When was the Treason Act?

A

1534

54
Q

Treason Act:

A

Not only actively plotting against the king, but also speaking against him and the supremacy were considered treason

55
Q

What were all religious houses forced to take?

A

An oath

56
Q

What was Cromwell appointed as in 1535?

A

Vicegerent in Spirituals

57
Q

What church privileges were abolished?

A

Benefit of clergy and sanctuary

58
Q

What did Cromwell mastermind as Vicegerent in Spirituals?

A

The dissolution of the monasteries

59
Q

Results of Valor Ecclesiasticus:

A

In 1536, an Act of Parliament was passed to dissolve smaller monasteries

59
Q

Results of Valor Ecclesiasticus:

A

In 1536, an Act of Parliament was passed to dissolve smaller monasteries

60
Q

When were all monasteries dissolved?

A

1540

61
Q

How much money did Henry VIII acquire?

A

$1.3 million

62
Q

When was the Act of Ten Articles?

A

1536

63
Q

Act of Ten Articles:

A
  • First attempt to define the doctrine of the new English Church
  • Article on the Eucharist was deliberately ambiguous in its language
  • The number of sacraments decreased from 7 to 3
64
Q

When was the Act of Six Articles?

A

1539

65
Q

Act of Six Articles:

A

Reinforced Catholic doctrines such as transubstantiation

66
Q

When was Cromwell’s execution?

A

1540

67
Q

When was the publication of the King’s book?

A

1543

68
Q

When was the Act of Uniformity?

A

1549

69
Q

Act of Uniformity:

A

Introduced Thomas Cranmer’s new English Book of Common Prayer and made its use compulsory in all church services

70
Q

When did Cranmer produce a more protestant version of the Book of Common Prayer?

A

1552

71
Q

What did the second Book of Common Prayer do?

A
  • Replaced the Catholic stone altar with a wooden table
  • Told the clergy to wear a plain surplice rather than their traditional vestments
72
Q

What did Mary attempt to do?

A

Restore the English Church to Rome

73
Q

Why was Mary unsuccessful in returning to Rome?

A
  • Rebellion in 1554 led by Sir Thomas Wyatt
  • Not able to demand the return of former monastic land
74
Q

What was Mary able to repeal?

A

1534 Act of Supremacy by her own Act of Parliament in 1554

75
Q

Elizabeth and Cecil’s two bills:

A

Bills for supremacy and for uniformity

76
Q

What title did Elizabeth give herself and why?

A

Supreme Governor to appeal to both Catholics and some protestants

77
Q

What had to be taken under Elizabeth as a result of the bills?

A

Oath of loyalty

78
Q

What dilemma did Elizabeth face on the accession to the throne?

A
  • She was the daughter of Anne Boleyn, she was the embodiment of the break with Rome and she had been educated by tutors with reformist sympathies
  • However, if she were to break with Rome, she would face the potential threat of invasion from hostile Catholic countries
79
Q

Why did the bill of uniformity face problems for the Lords?

A

Because it was more Protestant than the Catholic peers were prepared to allow

80
Q

What did the bill of uniformity enforce?

A

Reimposed the 1552 Prayer Book with a fine of 12d for those who refused to attend weekly Church services.

81
Q

What was added to the 1552 Prayer Book to make it seem more Catholic?

A

Added a passage of Transubstantiation in the book

82
Q

Oath of Supremacy:

A

Allowed Elizabeth to extend her control over the Church by appointing Protestant sympathisers in their place

83
Q

When was the second Act of Supremacy?

A

1559

Rebellion and Disorder under the Tudors, 1485-1603 (18 decks)

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