Troublesome Ireland: Tyrone’s Rebellion, 1594 - 1603

Question 1

In the Tudor period, what parts of Ireland did England control?

Answer 1

Dublin and its Pale

Question 2

Through what were England able to control Dublin and the Pale?

Answer 2

Lord Deputy

Question 3

Tanistry: (3)

Answer 3

• The Irish system that governed the inheritance of titles and land.
• Under this system, all those who were apart of the clan were ruled by a leader chosen from among the adult males of that clan.
• This meant that inheritance of land and titles did not move from father to eldest son, as it did in England

Question 4

What did the practice of Tanistry lead to?

Answer 4

Feuds

Question 5

Irish way of life:

Answer 5

Lawless and primitive

Question 6

When did problem of Ireland first become serious?

Answer 6

Henry VIII’s Break with Rome because Ireland remained Roman Catholic

Question 7

Why was it a problem that Ireland was Catholic?

Answer 7

Might lead them to support a Catholic crusade against England

Question 8

What choices did the monarchies have in terms of Ireland? (2)

Answer 8

• Follow a policy of conciliation
• Intervene more directly with Ireland

Question 9

How did Henry VIII deal with Ireland?

Answer 9

Chose to pursue a policy of conciliation

Question 10

Henry VII and Ireland: (3)

Answer 10

• 1541 - Irish chieftains agreed to recognise Henry’s right to be king of Ireland
• English government encouraged the Anglo-Irish nobility to surrender their lands to the crown, which were then re-granted to the Anglo-Irish;
• The Irish nobility were to be tenants-in-chief of the English Crown and given English titles

Question 11

Mary and Ireland:

Answer 11

Appointed an English Lord Deputy, the Earl of Sussex

Question 12

Earl of Sussex and Ireland:

Answer 12

He fortified the Pale and then encouraged English settlers to move into territory just outside the Pale in order to ‘civilise’ the Irish by introducing English customs and practices; known as plantation

Question 13

What threat did Elizabeth face against her rule?

Answer 13

Irish-Catholic rising

Question 14

What approach did Elizabeth take after the Revolt of the Northern Earls?

Answer 14

Pursued a more hard-line policy in which the traditions and laws in Ireland were to be replaced with English ones

Question 15

Government intervention in Ireland: (2)

Answer 15

• English government tried to establish councils to govern the regions of Connaught and Munster, in 1569 and 1571 respectively
• Tradition Irish regions were subdivided into English-style countries, which were run under traditional English methods, using officials such as sheriffs

Question 16

What regions in Ireland were councils attempted to be created in and when?

Answer 16

1569 - Connaught
1571 - Munster

Question 17

What had occurred in Munster due to the direct intervention by the English government?

Answer 17

Unsuccessful rebellions in 1569 and 1579-83

Question 18

How was the 1579-83 rebellions in Munster put down?

Answer 18

Brutally suppressed, rebels were hunted down and executed and their lands were used to encourage plantation by English settlers

Question 19

By 1592, how many English settlers were there in Munster?

Answer 19

775

Question 20

From 1585, what technique did the English government adopt?

Answer 20

Composition

Question 21

Composition: (4)

Answer 21

• Landowners in Ireland had to pay various charges to both the English and their Irish overlords
• Landlords had to pay money to the English knows as a ‘cess’, to cover the costs of garrisons.
• The same landlords also had to give money to their Irish chieftain to cover the cost of his private army and household
• The English plan was to commute these payments into one single payment to the English authorities; known as composition

Question 22

In 1585, what were Connaught landowners were persuaded by English commissioners to do?

Answer 22

To agree to the commutation of their traditional payments.

Question 23

How much did Irish landlords agree that they would pay yearly to the Council of Connaught?

Answer 23

10 shilling for every 50 hectares f inhabited land that they owned

Question 24

Positives of composition:

Answer 24

Reduced the often arbitrary financial demands that were made on them

Question 25

In return, what were the Anglo-Irish chieftains supposed to accept?

Answer 25

English-style laws and government in their territories