Troublesome Ireland: Tyrone’s Rebellion, 1594 - 1603 Flashcards
In the Tudor period, what parts of Ireland did England control?
Dublin and its Pale
Through what were England able to control Dublin and the Pale?
Lord Deputy
Tanistry: (3)
- The Irish system that governed the inheritance of titles and land.
- Under this system, all those who were apart of the clan were ruled by a leader chosen from among the adult males of that clan.
- This meant that inheritance of land and titles did not move from father to eldest son, as it did in England
What did the practice of Tanistry lead to?
Feuds
Irish way of life:
Lawless and primitive
When did problem of Ireland first become serious?
Henry VIII’s Break with Rome because Ireland remained Roman Catholic
Why was it a problem that Ireland was Catholic?
Might lead them to support a Catholic crusade against England
What choices did the monarchies have in terms of Ireland? (2)
- Follow a policy of conciliation
- Intervene more directly with Ireland
How did Henry VIII deal with Ireland?
Chose to pursue a policy of conciliation
Henry VII and Ireland: (3)
- 1541 - Irish chieftains agreed to recognise Henry’s right to be king of Ireland
- English government encouraged the Anglo-Irish nobility to surrender their lands to the crown, which were then re-granted to the Anglo-Irish;
- The Irish nobility were to be tenants-in-chief of the English Crown and given English titles
Mary and Ireland:
Appointed an English Lord Deputy, the Earl of Sussex
Earl of Sussex and Ireland:
He fortified the Pale and then encouraged English settlers to move into territory just outside the Pale in order to ‘civilise’ the Irish by introducing English customs and practices; known as plantation
What threat did Elizabeth face against her rule?
Irish-Catholic rising
What approach did Elizabeth take after the Revolt of the Northern Earls?
Pursued a more hard-line policy in which the traditions and laws in Ireland were to be replaced with English ones
Government intervention in Ireland: (2)
- English government tried to establish councils to govern the regions of Connaught and Munster, in 1569 and 1571 respectively
- Tradition Irish regions were subdivided into English-style countries, which were run under traditional English methods, using officials such as sheriffs
What regions in Ireland were councils attempted to be created in and when?
1569 - Connaught
1571 - Munster
What had occurred in Munster due to the direct intervention by the English government?
Unsuccessful rebellions in 1569 and 1579-83
How was the 1579-83 rebellions in Munster put down?
Brutally suppressed, rebels were hunted down and executed and their lands were used to encourage plantation by English settlers
By 1592, how many English settlers were there in Munster?
775
From 1585, what technique did the English government adopt?
Composition
Composition: (4)
- Landowners in Ireland had to pay various charges to both the English and their Irish overlords
- Landlords had to pay money to the English knows as a ‘cess’, to cover the costs of garrisons.
- The same landlords also had to give money to their Irish chieftain to cover the cost of his private army and household
- The English plan was to commute these payments into one single payment to the English authorities; known as composition
In 1585, what were Connaught landowners were persuaded by English commissioners to do?
To agree to the commutation of their traditional payments.
How much did Irish landlords agree that they would pay yearly to the Council of Connaught?
10 shilling for every 50 hectares f inhabited land that they owned
Positives of composition:
Reduced the often arbitrary financial demands that were made on them
In return, what were the Anglo-Irish chieftains supposed to accept?
English-style laws and government in their territories
