Types of therapy Flashcards
Brief psychodynamic psychotherapy
- Alexander and French
- time limited treatment based on psychoanalysis and psychodynamic theory
- focused on here and now
- goal setting and identification of anxiety
- focused choosing of problems
- active interpretation
- create heightened emotional contexts conducive to change
Supportive psychotherapy
- includes counselling and supportive techniques used when offering psychiatric follow up
- offers practical and emotional support
- reality testing
- ego support
- aim to reestablish usual level of functioning
General systems theory
- Ludwig von Bertalanffy
- a system is a set of interconnected components that form a whole
- the components show properties of the whole rather than of individual components
- cycles of feedback between different components within the system continuously create and re-create a basis for interaction
Models of Family therapy
- Dynamic
- Structural
- Family Systems Approach
- Strategic
- Psychoeducational
- Behavioural
Dynamic Family therapy
- looks at formation of alliances within family members
- therapists seek to establish an intimate bond with each family member
- Family sculpting occurs when family members are physically arranged in a scene depicting an individual view of relationships
Structural Family therapy
- looks at behaviours that disrupt the family structure
- families need clear rules and hierachies
- therapist challenges interactions between generations
Family Systems Approach
- emphasises one’s ability to retain individual self in the face of familial tension
- an emotional triangle is a 3 party system where closeness of two family members tends to exclude a third
- degree of enmeshment is analysed and the therapist maintains minimal emotional contact with family members
- genograms used
Strategic family therapy
- aims to find the positive in a system and build on them
- positive reframing is carried out
- domino effect-if one problem is addressed it leads to a reduction or resolution of other problems
Psychoeducational family therapy
- objective is to enhance family support and reduce stress
- used in HEE in schizophrenia
- focuses on families understanding factors that affect stress levels
Behavioural family therapy
- aims to closely observe and evaluate behaviours in the family so as to identify problems and make specific interventions
- treatment is symptom focussed and time limited
Milan systemic approach
(Palazzoli)
- great emphasis on circular and reflexive questioning
- in a circular fashion each family member is asked to comment and reflect on each other’s response
Paradoxical therapy
- George Bateson
- therapist makes the patient unintentionally engage in the unwanted behaviour (called the paradoxical injunction)- like avoid the phobic object
- this gives new insight
Systematic desensitisation (Wolpe)
- based on the theory of counterconditioning and reciprocal inhibition
- needs relaxation training, hierachy of anxieties, desentisation of the stimulus
Progressive relaxation
- Jacobson
- patients relax muscle groups in fixed order starting from small muscle groups working upwards
Autogenic training
-method of self-suggestion where the subject directs their attention to specific body areas whilst carrying out a relaxation exercise
Massed negative practice
- used in tic disorder
- patient is asked to perform the tic movement for specified periods of time, interspersed with periods of rest
Social skills training
- used in lots of setting for schizophrenia and other illnesses
- basic model- social repertoires are broken down into steps
- social problem solving-targets areas that need change
- cognitive remediation model-targets fundamental cognitive impairments like attention or planning
Behavioural analysis
- what is the function of the behaviour?
- antecedents-behaviour-consequence approach
Cognitive therapy
- used in non-psychotic disorders
- looks at thoughts-feelings-action
- Aaron Beck
- negative automatic thoughts
Maladaptive cognitive assumptions
- MOSPAD-C
- minimisation and magnification
- over-generalising
- selective abstraction
- personalisation
- arbitrary inference
- dichotomous thinking
- catastrophisation
Minimisation and magnification
e.g you pass an exam=> I only scraped through it
Selective abstraction
e.g you fail one exam and focus on this rather than considering all the exams that you did pass
Personalisation
-in a work re-configuration the whole team is made redundant and you think ‘it happened because of me’
Arbitrary inference
e.g I did my CASC on the last day of autumn last year and failed, the same will happen again this year
