Group therapy

Question 1

JH Pratt

Answer 1

-used group work for TB patients

Question 2

Group processes

Answer 2

-once formed, the group will develop its own way of existing/it’s own culture, with particular norms, roles. relations and goals

Question 3

Group alliance

Answer 3

-quality of the relationship that develops between each individual member and the therapist

Question 4

Group cohesion

Answer 4

-refers to the sense that the group is working together towards a common goal

Question 5

Group coherence

Answer 5

-a more evolved group state where the group goes beyond cohesion and becomes self-evolving and able to work through conflicts

Question 6

Positive identification

Answer 6

-unconscious group mechanism in which a person incorporates the characteristics and qualities of the group

Question 7

Catharsis

Answer 7

-the process by which mere expression of ideas and conflicts is accompanied by an emotional response which produces a sense of relief

Question 8

Bion

Answer 8

• described that when a group gets derailed from its task it goes into one of three basic states
  1. dependency-group members become dependent on one another
  2. pairing-formation of a partnership to help with resolution
  3. fight-flight- attack or withdrawal

These are basic assumptions

Question 9

Hopper

Answer 9

• added a 4th basic assumption
• massification/aggregation: where a rigid fusion of identities leads to a loss of individuality or extensive withdrawal leads to loss of mutual dependence

Question 10

Foulkes

Answer 10

-described the group ‘matrix’-a web of communications and relationships belonging to a particular group

Question 11

Foundation matrix

Answer 11

-commonalities existing between total strangers, attributable to characteristics of the human species

Question 12

Dynamic matrix

Answer 12

-the ever moving and ever developing exchanges that happen between group members on the basis of getting to know one another

Question 13

Factors influencing communication in a group matrix (Foulkes)

Answer 13

1. mirroring
2. exchange
3. free floating discussion
4. resonance
5. translation

Question 14

Yalom’s curative factors

Answer 14

1. instillation of hope
2. universality
3. imparting information(feedback)- very important
4. altruism
5. corrective recapitulation
6. socialisation techniques
7. imitative behaviour
8. interpersonal learning
9. group cohesiveness-v. important
10. catharisis
11. existential factors

Question 15

Psychodrama

Answer 15

• Moreno
• therapeutic dramatisation of emotional problems
• therapist is director
• patient is protagonist
• another group member represents someone significant to the patient (auxiliary ego)
• other group members are the audience
• role reversal
• double: auxiliary ego acts as the patient
• multiple double: several egos acting as the patient
• mirror technique- axiliary ego imitates the patient and speaks by proxy

Question 16

Cognitive behavioural groups

Answer 16

-group cohesiveness and task focus

Question 17

Therapeutic communities

Answer 17

-Henderson hospital model
Communalism: staff are not separate
Permissiveness: tolerating each other
Democratisation: shared decision making
Reality confrontation: self deception is dealt with honestly and openly by all members