Dynamic psychotherapy

Question 1

Repression

Answer 1

-unacceptable ideas, memories and thoughts are pushed out of awareness into the unconscious

Question 2

Parapraxes

Answer 2

• Freudian slips

- return of the repressed materials that slips out as words during conversation

Question 3

Free association

Answer 3

Patient is encouraged to say whatever comes into his mind, however fleeting or trivial
-helps to reveal aspects of the unconscious mind

Question 4

Dreams

Answer 4

-made up of unconscious mental matter, residues from the day and stimuli experienced during sleep

Question 5

Dream work

Answer 5

• turns latent content (unconscious thoughts, wishes), into manifest content (recalled)
• includes condensation, diffusion, displacement, symbolic representation

Question 6

Condensation

Answer 6

• two or more unconscious impulses are combined into a single image
• e.g strict father and punitive teacher combine in the dream into one frightening monster

Question 7

Diffusion or Irradiation

Answer 7

-one unconscious impulse is represented by several images

Question 8

Displacement

Answer 8

• energy invested in one object or idea gets transferred to another
• e.g wishful fantasy about murdering one’s father becomes represented by shooting a teacher

Question 9

Symbolic representation

Answer 9

• an innocent or less highly charged image is used in the place of something that is potentially too overwhelming
• e.g a wishful fantasy about shooting one’s father becomes an image of hunting a stag

Question 10

Instincts

Answer 10

• Freud maintained that the mind developed in order to manage our instincts
• destructive, aggressive instincts- thanatos
• life affirming libidinal instincts (Eros)

Question 11

Topographical model of the mind

Answer 11

• first model of mind (Freud)

- Unconscious, preconscious, conscious

Question 12

Unconscious

Answer 12

• includes repressed memories, sensations and impulses
• governed by the Pleasure principle
• primary process thinking- defies logic, not restricted by reality

Question 13

Preconscious

Answer 13

• interface between the unconscious and the conscious

- maintains a repressive barrier that censors unacceptable wishes and desires

Question 14

Conscious

Answer 14

• linked with reality of the outside world

- characterised by secondary process thinking- bound by time and place

Question 15

Structural model of the mind

Answer 15

• Freud, second model
• Id
• Ego
• Superego

Question 16

Id

Answer 16

• full of the instinctual aspects of the individual
• mostly unconscious
• sexual and aggressive impulses

Question 17

Ego

Answer 17

The executive organ of the mind

Linked with reality

Question 18

Superego

Answer 18

• the seat of internalised morals and values

- can be quite punishing or helpful in striving for a goal

Question 19

Oral

Answer 19

0-18 months

• mouth and sucking
• fixation may cause difficulties such as alcoholism and excessive eating

Question 20

Anal

Answer 20

18 months- 3 years

• period relating to potty training
• state of power over anal function
• fixation can cause controlling behaviours eg OCD

Question 21

Phallic/Oedipal

Answer 21

3-5 years

• genitals are of interest
• resolution of the Oedipus complex leads to formation of the Super-Ego with introjection of parental values

Question 22

Melanie Klein

Answer 22

• neo-freudian
• studied early life and childrens play
• paranoid-schizoid position
• depressive position

Question 23

Paranoid-schizoid position

Answer 23

• Klein
• good and bad breast
• infants split the world into good and bad
• feel they are being punished by the ‘bad mother’ and this is the paranoid component
• infant may retreat and become cut off- schizoid component

Question 24

Depressive position

Answer 24

-once infant is able to integrate good and bad and see the mother as having both qualities then they may begin to feel guilty and wish to repair any damage caused

Question 25

Carl Gustav Jung

Answer 25

• founded school of analytic psychology
• collective unconscious
• archetypes
• personal unconscious
• persona
• anima
• anumus
• shadow
• individuation
• extraversion and introversion

Question 26

Collective unconscious

Answer 26

• Jung

- mankind’s collective symbolic past

Question 27

Archetypes

Answer 27

• Jung
• universal representational images
• e.g hero, old wise man

Question 28

Personal unconscious

Answer 28

-individual’s unconscious, comprising of complexes (sets of ideas and feelings triggered by interpersonal interactions)

Question 29

Persona

Answer 29

• Jung

- mask covering one’s personality that is shown to the outside world

Question 30

Anima

Answer 30

• Jung

- unconscious feminine aspect of a man

Question 31

Animus

Answer 31

Jung

-unconscious masculine aspect of a woman

Question 32

Shadow

Answer 32

Jung

-personification of the less acceptable aspects of oneself

Question 33

Individuation

Answer 33

Jung

-the process in which the individual develops self-identity

Question 34

Winnicott

Answer 34

-children’s psychological development occurs in a zone between reality and fantasy- the transitional zone

Question 35

Transitional object

Answer 35

• Winnicott
• an object invested with some special meaning usually given to an important person such as the mother, but which is under the child’s control e.g teddy

Question 36

Good enough mother

Answer 36

• Winnicot
• a mother who adequately fulfils her caring role but who allows for a gradual disillusionment, thus helping a child develop independence

Question 37

‘Holding’

Answer 37

-the affective disposition of the therapist which helps in restraining oneself from retaliating to negative transferences

Question 38

‘Holding’

Answer 38

-the affective disposition of the therapist which helps in restraining oneself from retaliating to negative transferences

Question 39

Fairbairn

Answer 39

-proposed libidinal, antilibidinal and ideal parts of an object