Dynamic psychotherapy Flashcards
Repression
-unacceptable ideas, memories and thoughts are pushed out of awareness into the unconscious
Parapraxes
- Freudian slips
- return of the repressed materials that slips out as words during conversation
Free association
Patient is encouraged to say whatever comes into his mind, however fleeting or trivial
-helps to reveal aspects of the unconscious mind
Dreams
-made up of unconscious mental matter, residues from the day and stimuli experienced during sleep
Dream work
- turns latent content (unconscious thoughts, wishes), into manifest content (recalled)
- includes condensation, diffusion, displacement, symbolic representation
Condensation
- two or more unconscious impulses are combined into a single image
- e.g strict father and punitive teacher combine in the dream into one frightening monster
Diffusion or Irradiation
-one unconscious impulse is represented by several images
Displacement
- energy invested in one object or idea gets transferred to another
- e.g wishful fantasy about murdering one’s father becomes represented by shooting a teacher
Symbolic representation
- an innocent or less highly charged image is used in the place of something that is potentially too overwhelming
- e.g a wishful fantasy about shooting one’s father becomes an image of hunting a stag
Instincts
- Freud maintained that the mind developed in order to manage our instincts
- destructive, aggressive instincts- thanatos
- life affirming libidinal instincts (Eros)
Topographical model of the mind
- first model of mind (Freud)
- Unconscious, preconscious, conscious
Unconscious
- includes repressed memories, sensations and impulses
- governed by the Pleasure principle
- primary process thinking- defies logic, not restricted by reality
Preconscious
- interface between the unconscious and the conscious
- maintains a repressive barrier that censors unacceptable wishes and desires
Conscious
- linked with reality of the outside world
- characterised by secondary process thinking- bound by time and place
Structural model of the mind
- Freud, second model
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
Id
- full of the instinctual aspects of the individual
- mostly unconscious
- sexual and aggressive impulses
Ego
The executive organ of the mind
Linked with reality
Superego
- the seat of internalised morals and values
- can be quite punishing or helpful in striving for a goal
Oral
0-18 months
- mouth and sucking
- fixation may cause difficulties such as alcoholism and excessive eating
Anal
18 months- 3 years
- period relating to potty training
- state of power over anal function
- fixation can cause controlling behaviours eg OCD
Phallic/Oedipal
3-5 years
- genitals are of interest
- resolution of the Oedipus complex leads to formation of the Super-Ego with introjection of parental values
Melanie Klein
- neo-freudian
- studied early life and childrens play
- paranoid-schizoid position
- depressive position
Paranoid-schizoid position
- Klein
- good and bad breast
- infants split the world into good and bad
- feel they are being punished by the ‘bad mother’ and this is the paranoid component
- infant may retreat and become cut off- schizoid component
Depressive position
-once infant is able to integrate good and bad and see the mother as having both qualities then they may begin to feel guilty and wish to repair any damage caused
Carl Gustav Jung
- founded school of analytic psychology
- collective unconscious
- archetypes
- personal unconscious
- persona
- anima
- anumus
- shadow
- individuation
- extraversion and introversion
Collective unconscious
- Jung
- mankind’s collective symbolic past
Archetypes
- Jung
- universal representational images
- e.g hero, old wise man
Personal unconscious
-individual’s unconscious, comprising of complexes (sets of ideas and feelings triggered by interpersonal interactions)
Persona
- Jung
- mask covering one’s personality that is shown to the outside world
Anima
- Jung
- unconscious feminine aspect of a man
Animus
Jung
-unconscious masculine aspect of a woman
Shadow
Jung
-personification of the less acceptable aspects of oneself
Individuation
Jung
-the process in which the individual develops self-identity
Winnicott
-children’s psychological development occurs in a zone between reality and fantasy- the transitional zone
Transitional object
- Winnicott
- an object invested with some special meaning usually given to an important person such as the mother, but which is under the child’s control e.g teddy
Good enough mother
- Winnicot
- a mother who adequately fulfils her caring role but who allows for a gradual disillusionment, thus helping a child develop independence
‘Holding’
-the affective disposition of the therapist which helps in restraining oneself from retaliating to negative transferences
‘Holding’
-the affective disposition of the therapist which helps in restraining oneself from retaliating to negative transferences
Fairbairn
-proposed libidinal, antilibidinal and ideal parts of an object
