Types of Solutions and DIssolving Processes

Question 1

Solution Definition

Answer 1

homogenous mixture of two or more substances
- remains fully mixed and in the same proportions
- can be solids, liquids or gases

Question 2

Homogenous mixtures

Answer 2

uniform and have only one phase

Question 3

heterogeneous

Answer 3

mixture that has two or more phases

Question 4

aqueous solution

Answer 4

solution in which water is the sovent

Question 5

solvent

Answer 5

any substance that has other substances dissolved in it (present in largest amount, by either volume, mass or number of moles)

Question 6

Solute

Answer 6

the substnace mixed in with the solvent

Question 7

pure substances

Answer 7

have fixed composition

Question 8

fixed composition

Answer 8

cannot change the ratio of the atoms in the substance eg. cannot change the ratio of hydrogen and oxygen in water

Question 9

solutions have variable composition, variable composistion =

Answer 9

different ratios of solvent to solutes are possible

Question 10

Concentration

Answer 10

the ratio of the quantity of solute to the quantity of solution or solvent

Question 11

concentrated solution

Answer 11

relatively high quantity of solute to volume of solution

Question 12

example of solid in solid solution

Answer 12

any alloy, like copper-nickel to make coins

Question 13

solid in liquid solution example

Answer 13

sea water (salt in water)

Question 14

Solid in gas solution example

Answer 14

• moth balls in air
• small balls of chemical pesticide

Question 15

liquid in solid solution example

Answer 15

amalgam of mercury in silver

Question 16

liquid in liquid solution example

Answer 16

antifreeze in water

Question 17

liquid in gas solution example

Answer 17

water vapour in air

Question 18

gas in liquid solution example

Answer 18

carbonated beverages (carbon dioxide in water)

Question 19

gas in gas solution example

Answer 19

air, natural gas

Question 20

gas in solid solution example

Answer 20

hydrogen and platinum

Question 21

factors that affect the rate of dissolving

Answer 21

• temperature
• agitation
• surface

Question 22

What is the process of dissolving at the molecular level?

Answer 22

• forces between the solid (solute) must be broken (REQUIRES ENERGY)
• some of the intermolecular forces between particles in the liquid must be broken (REQUIRES ENERGY)
• attraction between the particles of the solid and particles of the liquid (GIVES OFF ENERGY)

Question 23

breaking forces between ionic bonds or acid bonds for dissolving

Answer 23

intramolecular force

Question 24

breaking forces between molecular bonds for dissolving

Answer 24

intermolecular forces

Question 25

electrolyte

Answer 25

a solute that forms an aqueous solution with the ability to conduct electricity

Question 26

miscible

Answer 26

can form hydrogen bonds

is easily able to form a solution

Question 27

immiscible

Answer 27

not able to form hydrogen bonds, not esily able to form solutions

Question 28

ionization

Answer 28

dissolving of polar molecules forming ions

MOLECULES DO NOT FORM IONS

Question 29

like dissolves like

Question 30

surfactant

Answer 30

can encourge water and oil to mix

substance that acts on the surface of a liquid recuding surface tension

Question 31

detergent structure

Answer 31

long hydrocarbon chain with a charged head

Question 32

detergent/dissociates in water toform two ions…

Answer 32

cation usually sodium ion
anion usually long non-polar hydrocarbon tail with a cahrged head

Question 33

The cleaning process

Answer 33

• detergent dissolves
• negative head attracts polar water molecules (hydrophilic)
• hydrocarbon chain does not attract water) (hydrophobic)
• oily stain is non polar, so attracts the non polar hydrophic tail of detergent
• agitation of washing moves the water molecule along and brigns the detergent ions along too
• helps remove oil from fabric
• oil surrounded by detergent molecules to create a micelle
• prevents a re-attachment of stain to fabric