Solubility and Saturation

Question 1

soluble

Answer 1

more than 1g of solute dissolves in 100 mL of solvent at room temperature

Question 2

insoluble

Answer 2

less than 1g of solute dissolves in 100 mL of solvent at room temperature

Question 3

what affects solutbility?

Answer 3

• molecule size
• ion charge and size
• temperature
• pressure

Question 4

solubility

Answer 4

the quantity of solute that can dissolve in a gien quantity of solvent at a given temperature

Question 5

how is solubility expressed?

Answer 5

as a maximum mass of solute that can be dissolved per 100g of solvent at a given temperature.

Question 6

How does molecule size affect the solutbility of a covalent substance?

Answer 6

small molecules are often more soluble that larger molecules

Question 7

most alkali metal compounds are soluble in water

Question 8

solfide and phosphates are usually insoluble in water

Question 9

How does the ion charge affect solubility?

Answer 9

soluble

Question 10

smaller the ionic charge the more soluble a substance is, the larger the ionic charge the greater the force that holds ions together.

small ion charge = soluble
large ion charge = insoluble

Question 11

smaller the ion NOT CHARGE, the stronger the force. compounds with small ions tend to be less soluble than those with large ions Why?

Answer 11

small ions bond more closely together than large ions, bunds between small ions is stronger than bond between large ions with same charge

Question 12

How does temperature impact the solubility of solids?

Answer 12

solubility increases with temeperature, higher temperature means more energy to break the bonds

Question 13

How does temperature impact the solubility of liquids?

Answer 13

not greatly affected by temperature, addtional energy to break bonds not needed

Question 14

How does temperature impact the solubility of gases?

Answer 14

solubility of gases descreases with higher temperature

Question 15

how to changes in pressure affect solubility for liquids and solids?

Answer 15

JK They don’t

Question 16

How does pressure impact solubility of a gas

Answer 16

directly proportional to the pressure of gas above the liquid

think of pop bottle opening

Question 17

How does high pressure work wit gases?

Answer 17

when the gas is compressed, gas molecules enter the liquid more frequently so more are dissolved

Question 18

Diver + pressure

Answer 18

• pressure increases the deeper you go
• increased pressure causes the nitrogen in lungs to dissolve into the blood
• as diver surfaces gas comes out of solution
  of surfaces too quixkly, can form bubbles in the blood

Question 19

saturated solution

Answer 19

a solution that contains the maximum quantity of solute at a given temperature

Question 20

unsaturated solution

Answer 20

a solution that contains less than the maximum quantity of solute

Question 21

supersaturated solution

Answer 21

force a solution to dissolve more solute than it normally would at a given temperature and pressure

Question 22

How do you achieve a supersaturated solution?

Answer 22

achieved by heating a solutionn, saturating it at a higher temperature then allowing it to cool.

Question 23

solubility curves of gases

Answer 23

GO DOWNNNNNN

gas particles have a lot of kinetic energy, when gas dissolves loses some of this energy, at higher temps the dissolved gas gains energy again and the gas comes out of the solution

Question 24

concentration definition

Answer 24

the ratio of the quantity of solute to the quantity of solution

Question 25

dilute solution

Answer 25

has a relatively small quantity of solute per unit volume of solution

Question 26

concentrated solution

Answer 26

has a relatively large quantity of solute per unit volume of solution

Question 27

2 ways a concentration of solution can be expressed

Answer 27

- amount concentration (molar concentration) - percentage concentration

Question 28

amount concentration, molar concentration

Answer 28

expressed in units of mol/L

Question 29

old version

Answer 29

uses molarity

Question 30

percentage concentration 3 ways:

Answer 30

volume by volume mass by volume mass by mass (

Question 31

when is percentage volume by volume often used?

Answer 31

liquid in liquid solution (v/v)

Question 32

when is percentage mass by volume most often used?

Answer 32

when a solid solute is dissolved in a liquid solvent (usually g/mL) (m/v)

Question 33

when is percentage mass per mass often used?

Answer 33

when a solid solute is dissolved in a solid solvent (m/m)

Question 34

parts per million (ppm)

Answer 34

1 part per million parts solution - 1: 10^6

Question 35

parts per billion (ppb)

Answer 35

1 part per billion parts solution - 1: 10^9

Question 36

parts per trillion(ppt)

Answer 36

1 part per trillion parts solution - 1: 10^12

Question 37

ppm, ppb, and ppt are

Answer 37

(m/m) ratios