Types of observations Flashcards
Why are observations used in an experiment?
To assess the DV
What is a naturalistic observation?
Watching/recording behaviour where it would normally take place
What is a controlled observation?
Watching/recording behaviour in a structured environement where variabes are managed
What are 2 strengths of a naturalistic observation?
- More external validity
- Findings can be generalised to real life
What is a limitation of naturalistic observations?
Replication is difficult
What is a strength of a controlled observation?
Replication is easy due to control
What are 2 limitations of controlled observations?
- Lacks ecological validity
- Can’t be generalised to real life situation
What is a covert observation?
Particpants’ behaviour is watched and recorded without them knowing
What is an overt observation?
Particpants’ behaviour is watched and recorded with them knowing
What are the two strengths of covert observations?
- Removed participan reactivity
- Increased validity
What is the limitation of covert observations?
Ethical issues
What is the strength of overt observations?
They are ethically acceptable
What is a limitation of an overt observation?
Could increase participant reactivity
What is a participant observation?
When the researcher becomes a member of the group whose behaviour they are observing
What is a non-participant observation?
Researcher remains outside of the group they are observing
