Types of hormones

Question 1

Characteristics of peptide hormones

Answer 1

Usually end or begin in IN. (expect ACTH and glucagon)
Act on proteins embedded in the cell membrane and start a signal cascade by changing the concentration of secondary messengers that turn proteins on/off.
Polar, cannot pass through membrane.
Fast acting, short lasting.
Made up of multiple amino acids.

Question 2

Characteristics of steroid hormones

Answer 2

Many end in -one, -ol, -oid.
Can pass through the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane.
Slow acting, longer lasting, can be permanent (ex. sex hormones)
Hydrophobic, so must be carried by transporters through the bloodstream.
Create effect by regulating transcription.
Contain lots of aromatic rings.
Precursor is cholesterol.

Question 3

What types of proteins carry steroid hormones through the bloodstream?

Answer 3

Sex hormone binding gobulin

Albumin

Question 4

Characteristics of amino-acid hormones

Answer 4

Precursor is amino acid - single.
Nonpolar if it has aromatic rings - needs binding transporter protein to move through the bloodstream. Polar if it does not have aromatic rings - dissolves in blood.
Can act via either mechanism based on structure.