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MCAT BIo/Biochemistry > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

peptide hormones

A 
made of amino acids
polar, impermeable
dissolved in plasma
receptor n outside of target cell
GCPRs 
effect is quick, short duration
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2
Q

steroid hormones

A 
made of cholesterol
nonpolar, permeable
in blood with large transport proteins - albumin
intracellular receptors
bind to DNA to turn genes on/off
long acting, long nset
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3
Q

ADH

A

controls blood osmolality

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4
Q

FSH

A

in females: induces maturation of ovarian follicles

in males: induces spermatogenesis

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5
Q

LH

A

in females: stimulates ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum
in males: stimulates production of testosterone

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6
Q

ACTH

A

stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce glucocorticoids

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7
Q

TSH

A

stimulates thyroid to absorb iodine and produce thyroid hormones

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8
Q

Prolactin

A

stimulates milk production in female mammary glands

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9
Q

endorphins

A

inhibit perception of pain

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10
Q

GH

A

promotes bone and muscle growth
inhibits uptake of glucose of certain cells
stimulates breakdown of fatty acids.

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11
Q

T3/T4

A

increase rate of cellular respiration

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12
Q

calcitonin

A

lowers blood calcium

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13
Q

parathyroid hormone

A

increases blood calcium

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14
Q

glucocorticoids

A

from adrenal cortex
regulate glucose
cortisol and cortisone

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15
Q

mineralocorticoids

A

regulate salt and water (aldosterone)

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16
Q

Adrenal androgens

A

precursors to sex hormones (DHEA)

17
Q

epinephrine

A

from adrenal medulla

invokes fight or flight response

18
Q

insulin

A

inhibits release of glucagon, causes cells to absorb glucose from blood

19
Q

glucagon

A

causes the liver to release glycogen, increases concentration of glucose in the blood

20
Q

testosterone

A

induces embryonic sexual differentiation, development of male sexual characteristics at puberty

21
Q

estrogen

A

necessary for normal female development, maintains secondary sex characteristics

22
Q

progesterone

A

prepares uterus for embryonic implantation

MCAT BIo/Biochemistry (15 decks)

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