Transcription

Question 1

What enzyme is used to unwind DNA?

Answer 1

Topoisomerase

Question 2

What enzyme is used to unzip the DNA?

Answer 2

Helicase

Question 3

How does initiation of pranscription work?

Answer 3

RNA polymerase II binds to the promoter region (TATA box) with the help of transcription factors. No RNA primer is required

Question 4

In what direction is RNA synthesized?

Answer 4

5’ to 3’

Question 5

What is the RNA called immediately after being synthesized? What turns it into mRNA?

Answer 5

hnRNA

mRNA after post-translational modification

Question 6

What is involved in post-translational modification? functions?

Answer 6

5’ cap is added for protection against degradation and recognition by ribosome as binding site.

Poly-A tail - protect from degradations, allows for expoort from the nucleus.

Splicing out of introns via spliceosome that binds at 5’ and 3’ splice sites.

Question 7

start codon

Answer 7

AUG

Question 8

stop codons

Answer 8

UAG, UAA, UGA

Question 9

Alternative splicing

Answer 9

Certain exons are also pliced out based on which protein is needed - many proteins can be created from a single gene