Type 4 Hypersensitivity Flashcards
What is the Time Scale for Type 4 Hypersensitivity?
24-72 hours
Why are Type 4 hypersenstivity reactions longer?
A bit longer because of involvement of additional immune cells such as lymphocytes and macrophages
What are disease examples of Type 4 Hypersenstivity?
- Contact hypersensitivity (48-73hr)
- Tuberculin hypersensitivity (48-72hr)
- Granulomatous hypersensitivity (TB, Leprosy)
What is involved in Granulomatous Hypersensitivity?
- Persistence of antigens (tissue damage)
- Attempts to wall off the infected cells
What is involved in contact hypersensitivity?
Nickel, Poison Ivy, Organic Chemicals
What is involved in Tuberculin Hypersensitivity?
Dermal reaction so induration and swelling
What are the hypersensitivity tests for Leprosy and Tuberculosis?
- Mantoux Test for Tuberculosis
- Lepromin test for Leprosy
Test for sensitisation
What are Anti-Inflammatory Drugs used for Type 4 hypersensitivity?
- Non-steroidal
- Corticosteroids
- Second Drug as steroid sparing agents (Azathioprine, Mycophenolate Mofetil, Cyclophsophamide)
What are monoclonal antibodies targeted against in Type 4 hypersensitivity treatment?
- B cells and T cells
- Cytokine network
- APCs
What are some diseases caused by Type 4 Hypernsenstivity to exogenous antigens?
Granulomatous
- Tuberculosis
- Leprosy
- Schistosomiasis
- Sarcoidosis
Contact
- Nickel
- Poison Ivy
- Organic chemicals
What are some diseases caused by Type 4 Hypersensitivity to endogenous antigens?
- Insulin dependant Diabetes Mellitus
- Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (Involvement of CD8+ T cells and antibodies)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (IgG)
