Type 2 diabetes pathophysiology

Question 1

Where is glycogen stored in the body?

Answer 1

liver and muscle

Question 2

What are the steps leading to influx of caclium into the beta cell?

Answer 2

glucose enters cell, undergoes metabolism, producing ATP which closes the Katp channel and causes the PM to depolarise leading to caliucm influx

Question 3

What are the core defects of type 2 diabetes

Answer 3

insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction

Question 4

What is insulin resistance?

Answer 4

when the receptor is not as responsive to the insulin molecule and so less glucose enters the cell, this results in a build up of glucose in the blood

Question 5

What causes insulin resistance?

Answer 5

ectopic fat acccumulation and increased FFA circulation; increased inflammatory mediator—-inhibition of insulin via serine kinases responsible for phosphorylation of IRS-1

Question 6

What is beta cell dysfunction?

Answer 6

reduced ability of beta cells to secrete insulin in response to hyperglycaemia

Question 7

How does insulin resistance result in decreased beta-cell function?

Answer 7

glutoxicity; lipotoxicity

Question 8

What is pancreatic burnout?

Answer 8

When beta cells are no longer able to compensate for insulin resistance in tissues and cannot maintain blood glucose levels