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Endocrine > Thyroid cancer > Flashcards

Thyroid cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of thyroid cancer?

A

papillary; follicular; medullary; anaplastic

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2
Q

What does differentiated thyroid cancer refer to?

A

papillary and follicular cancer

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3
Q

What are the features of differentiated thyroid cancer?

A

take up iodine and secrete thyroglobulin

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4
Q

What hormone drives DTC?

A

TSH

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5
Q

What factors increase risk of thyroid cancer?

A

radiation (eg Chernobyl) but NOT any lifestyle factors

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6
Q

How do the majority of thyroid cancers present?

A

palpable nodule

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7
Q

What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?

A

papillary

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8
Q

How does papillary tend to spread?

A

via lymphatics

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9
Q

What other thyroid condition is papillary associated with?

A

Hashimotos

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10
Q

In what areas is the incidence of follicular carcinoma higher?

A

regions of iodine deficiency

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11
Q

How does follicular tend to spread?

A

haematogenously

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12
Q

Where does follicular tend to spread to?

A

lungs; liver; bone; brain

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13
Q

What is the investiagtion of thyroid cnacer?

A

USS FNA

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14
Q

What is the treatment for thyroid cancer?

A

surgery

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15
Q

What are the surgical options for thyroid cancer?

A

thyroid lobectomy with isthmusectomy; sub-total thyroidectomy; total thyroidectomy

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16
Q

What is the risk stratification system for thyroid cancers?

A

AMES- A=age; M=mets; E=extent of primary; S=size of priamry

17
Q

What is the practice for lymph nodes for papillary?

A

central compartment clearnace and lateral lymph node sampling

18
Q

What is the practice for lympn nodes for follicular?

A

central lymph node clearnace

19
Q

What electrolyte needs to be checked post-op?

A

calcium

20
Q

Why might calcium be decreased post-op?

A

if parathyroids have been taken out along with thyroid gland

21
Q

What should patients have who have undergone sub-total or total thyroidectomies?

A

wole body iodine scans

22
Q

When are whole body iodine scans carried out?

A

3-6 months post-op

23
Q

Why does TSH need to be high for iodine scan?

A

makes cancer cells hungry for iodine- will light up on scan

24
Q

How is TSH increased before the iodine scan?

A

can either- stop T4/T3 before scan (makes patient feel rubbish) so give rhTSH before scan

25
Q

What should you be able to see on an iodine scan?

A

salivary glands; gastric muscosa; bladder

26
Q

What happens if there is a remnant of thyroid cancer?

A

thyroid remnant ablation

27
Q

What are the side effects of thyroid remnant ablation?

A

sore throat, inflam of salivary glands

28
Q

What is used as a tumour marker following treatment?

A

thyroglobulin

29
Q

What should be suppressed in patients after cancer treatment?

A

TSH- would make cancer cells grow

30
Q

Is there evidence of infertility or subsequent genetic abnormalities in children follwing TRA?

A

no

Endocrine (27 decks)

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