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BMS 501 > Type 2-4 Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Type 2-4 Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What type of antigen is associated with type II hypersensitivity?

A

a cell surface antigen

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2
Q

What antibodies are associated with type 2 hypersensitivity?

A

IgG and sometimes IgM

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3
Q

What do the clinical signs of type 2 hypersensitivity result from?

A

the destruction or dysfunction of the target cell

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4
Q

What are the cellular targets for type 2 hypersensitivity?

A

red blood cells, skin, neuromuscular junction, and platelets

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5
Q

What are the mechanisms for destruction of cells/tissues in type 2 hypersensitivity reactions?

A

complement fixation and cell lysis, opsinization and phagocytosis of free floating cells, antibody dependendent cell mediated cytotoxicity

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6
Q

What are some diseases/conditions resulting from a type II reaction?

A

pemphigus foliaceous, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, myasthenia gravis

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7
Q

What is the target of pemphigus foliaceous?

A

skin cells

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8
Q

What mechanism does pemphigus foliaceous use?

A

antibody binds to the cell adhesion molecule

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9
Q

What does autoimmune hemolytic anemia target?

A

red blood cells

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10
Q

What is the target of myasthenia gravis?

A

acetylcholine receptor

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11
Q

What type of antigen is associated with type III hypersensitivity?

A

a soluble antigen

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12
Q

What antibody is associated with type 3 hypersensitivity?

A

IgG

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13
Q

What is the mechanism used for cell destruction in type 3 hypersensitivity?

A

complement activation via the classical pathway

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14
Q

What cell type is usually involved with type 3 hypersensitivity?

A

neutrophils

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15
Q

What are mast cells activated by in type 3 hypersensitivity?

A

anaphylatoxins produced by complement fixation

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16
Q

What do the clinical signs of type 3 hypersensitivity result from?

A

complement, neutrophil, macrophage, and mast cell activation at the site of the immune complex deposition

17
Q

What are the type of reactions associated with type 3 hypersensitivity?

A

local and generalized reaction

18
Q

What is the local type 3 hypersensitivity reaction kalso nown as?

A

the arthus reaction

19
Q

How long does it to take for the arthus reaction to occur?

A

about 2-8 hours after exposure

20
Q

How does the arthus reaction work?

A

after the antigen is introduced into the tissue, antbody in circulation binds to it formin immune-complexes that stay localized and induce inflammation at the site of antigen introduction

21
Q

How does generalized type 3 hypersensitivity reactions work?

A

the antigen in antibody are in the circulation allowing the immune-complexes to circulate and get deposited at blood filtration points

22
Q

How long does it take for the generalized type 3 hypersensitivity reaction to work?

A

7-10 days upon first exposure and 1 -2 days upon second exposure

23
Q

What clinical signs are usually found at sites of immune complex deposition?

A

vasculitis, synovitis, nephritis, and neurological signs

24
Q

What are the differences in antibody between type I and type III hypersensitivity reactions?

A

type I is IgE, type III is IgG

25
Q

What is the difference in time between type I and III hypersensitivity reactions?

A

type I takes 10-15 minutes, type III takes 5-6 hours for initial response

26
Q

Neutrophils are associated with what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

27
Q

Eosinophils are associated with what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

28
Q

What Is an example of a systemic (generalized) type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A

serum sickness

29
Q

What is type 4 hypersensitivity also known as?

A

Delayed type hypersensitivity

30
Q

What antigen is associated with type 4 hypersensitivity?

A

T- cell (Th or CTL)

31
Q

What mediates type 4 hypersensitivity?

A

T cells, monocytes, and macrophages

32
Q

True or False: IgA is important in type 4 hypersensitivity.

A

False - it is not antibody mediated

33
Q

If an animal is not sensitized, how long does it take for a type 4 hypersensitivity to take in effect?

34
Q

In a sensitized animal, how long does it take for a type 4 hypersensitivity reaction to take an effect?

A

24-72 hours

35
Q

Why does it take 24-72 hours for the reaction to take place in sensitized animals?

A

It takes time for the memory t cells to interact with the antigen, and then takes about 24 hours after exposure for recruitment of macrophages

36
Q

What are some clinical manifestations associated with type 4 hypersensitivity?

A

induration, erythema, vesicles

37
Q

What does the TB test test for?

A

the presence of Th1 under the skin

38
Q

What does it mean if there is a hard lump 24-72 hours after being administered the TB antigen?

A

that there were th1 cells present meaning the patient either had the TB vaccine or they currently have TB

BMS 501 (15 decks)

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