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BMS 501 > Intro to Hypersensitivity and Type I hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Intro to Hypersensitivity and Type I hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

What is type 1 hypersensitivity known as?

A

immediate hypersensitivity

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2
Q

What is type 1 hypersensitivity mediated by?

A

IgE

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3
Q

What is an example of a type 1 hypersensitivity response?

A

anaphylaxis and atopy

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4
Q

What is type 2 hypersensitivity known as?

A

cytotoxic hypersensitivity

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5
Q

What is type 2 hypersensitivity mediated by?

A

Ab and complement/phagocytosis

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6
Q

What is type 3 hypersensitivity known as?

A

immune-complex mediated hypersensitivity

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7
Q

What is type 3 hypersensitivity mediated by?

A

accumulation of immune complexes and response to them

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8
Q

What is type 4 hypersensitivity known as?

A

cell-mediated (delayed type) hypersensitivity

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9
Q

What is type 4 hypersensitivity mediated by?

A

TH cells and/or CTLs

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10
Q

What is sensitization?

A

an abnormal primary response to an antigen such that on subsequent exposure, the individual mounts an excessive or abnormal secondary response that causes disease rather than immunity

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11
Q

What is the type of antigen that is responsible for IgE production?

A

allergy

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12
Q

What is IgE synthesized as the result of?

A

activated B cell and TH2 cytokine interactions

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13
Q

Where do IgE cells originate in?

A

mucosal cells

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14
Q

What cell is responsible for the early phase immediate type hypersensitivity reaction?

A

mast cells

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15
Q

What is an special feature of mast cells?

A

Fc epsilon RI

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16
Q

What is Fc epsilon RI?

A

a high affinity receptor for IgE that makes the binding almost irreversible

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17
Q

Where are mast cells located?

A

in vascular submucosal layers

18
Q

What is the immediate release mediator released from mast cells during IgE mediated degranulation?

A

Histamine

19
Q

What is the function of histamine?

A

increased vascular permeability and bronchoconstriction

20
Q

What are the mediators released from mast cells minutes following activation of IgE?

A

arachadonic metabolites (prosta glandins and leukotrienes) and the platelet activating factor

21
Q

What is the function of leukotrienes?

A

it is the same as histamine (increased vascular permeability and bronchoconstriction) just more potent

22
Q

What happens hours after IgE is activated?

A

synthesis of IL4 and IL5

23
Q

What does IL4 do?

A

acts on T helper 0 to change to T helper 2s and does class switching on B cells to IgE

24
Q

What does IL5 do?

A

eosinophil activation

25
Q

What is anaphylaxis?

A

rapid generalized mast cell degranulation followed by eosinopil degranulation

26
Q

What is the initial response to mast cell degeneration in dogs?

A

vomiting and diarrhea

27
Q

What is atopy?

A

the genetic disposition for IgE mediated hypersensitivity

28
Q

What is an allergy?

A

a hypersensitivity reaction

29
Q

What is the low grade fever, lack of appetite and lethargy the day after vaccination caused by?

A

proinflammatory cytokines - IL1, IL6, and TNF

30
Q

Typically, when can a moderate proinflammatory cytokine response to a vaccination happen (which vaccine)?

A

after any of the vaccines, can happen after the first

31
Q

When can type 1 hypersensitivity occur (after what vaccine)?

A

cannot happen after the 1st vaccine, usually after the first or third

32
Q

How long does it take for a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction to occur?

A

15-30 minutes for reaction

33
Q

Where is IgE bound in b cells?

A

in the transmembrane part of the cell

34
Q

What are the mediators of the mast cell?

A

antihistimines and antileukotriens

35
Q

What is the main mediator for t-cell cytokines?

A

IL31

36
Q

What is IL31 responsible for in dogs?

A

itching

37
Q

What are the commercial product that inhibits IL31?

A

cytopoint and apoquel

38
Q

How does cytopoint inhibit IL31?

A

it inhibits the binding of IL31

39
Q

How does apoquel inhibit IL31?

A

it affects the Jak-Stat pathway and inhibits the signal from IL31

40
Q

What is the target of oral immunotherapies?

A

IgA - inhibit t-regulatory cells

BMS 501 (15 decks)

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