Introduction to Cells of the Immune System and Antigen Binding Molecules

Question 1

What are the types of white blood cells?

Answer 1

basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes

Question 2

What white blood cells are granulocytes?

Answer 2

basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils

Question 3

What do basophils play a role in?

Answer 3

allergy response and resistance to parasites

Question 4

What percentage of WBC in circulation are basophils?

Answer 4

<0.5 %

Question 5

How long do basophils live?

Answer 5

100 days

Question 6

Where are eosinophils mostly found?

Answer 6

under epithelial surfaces

Question 7

Where do eosinophils spend most of their lives?

Answer 7

in tissues

Question 8

What is the half-life of eosinophils?

Answer 8

30 minutes

Question 9

What percentage of WBC in circulation are eosinophils?

Answer 9

1-3%

Question 10

What are eosinophils important for?

Answer 10

extracellular paraside control

Question 11

What is the structure of monocytes?

Answer 11

mononuclear

Question 12

What happens when monocytes migrate into tissues?

Answer 12

they turn into macrophages

Question 13

How long do monocytes circulate for?

Answer 13

1-2 days

Question 14

What percentage of WBC in circulation are monocytes?

Answer 14

3-7%

Question 15

What is the function of monocytes?

Answer 15

phagocytosis and killing of bacteria, presentation of antigen MHC 2, and secretion of cytokines

Question 16

What are neutrophils important for?

Answer 16

rapid response to bacterial infection

Question 17

How long are neutrophils in circulation?

Answer 17

8-10 hours

Question 18

What percentage of WBC in circulation are neutrophils?

Answer 18

55-90%

Question 19

What is neutropenia?

Answer 19

lower than normal numbers of neutrophils in the blood steam and can be seen in animals with viral infections

Question 20

What is the structure of lymphocytes?

Answer 20

mononuclear

Question 21

What are lymphocytes made up of?

Answer 21

B cells, Tcells, and NK cells

Question 22

Where do lymphocytes go after they leave the blood stream?

Answer 22

into lymph tissues

Question 23

How long do B and T cells circulate?

Answer 23

for about 4 months

Question 24

Where do T cells go to to mature?

Answer 24

the thymus

Question 25

Where do b cells mature?

Answer 25

in bone marrow

Question 26

Where are all WBC made?

Answer 26

in bone marrow

Question 27

Where are mast cells made and where do they mature?

Answer 27

they are made in bone marrow and mature in tissues

Question 28

What are mast cells important for?

Answer 28

responding to parasites and allergies

Question 29

What type of cell is a mast cell?

Answer 29

a sentinel cell

Question 30

Where do dendritic cells originate?

Answer 30

bone marrow

Question 31

Where do dendritic cells mature?

Answer 31

in tissues

Question 32

What are dendritic cells (function)?

Answer 32

sentinel cells and antigen presenting cells

Question 33

What are endothelial cells?

Answer 33

cells that line the blood vessels and lymphatics

Question 34

What is special about the structure of endothelial cells?

Answer 34

they have adhesion molecules called addressins

Question 35

What do addressin molecules do?

Answer 35

they allow circulating leukocytes to know where they are in the body and allow them to enter into tissues

Question 36

When are endothelial cells upregulated?

Answer 36

in the sign of danger

Question 37

What are the primary lymphoid tissues for T cells?

Answer 37

the thymus

Question 38

What are the primary lymphoid tissues for B cells?

Answer 38

In birds – bursa of Fabricius Primates, rabbits, rodents – bone marrow Ruminants, pigs and dogs – peyers patches

Question 39

What are secondary lymphoid tissues?

Answer 39

lymph nodes, spleen, and MALT

Question 40

Where are lymphocytes located in the highest concentration in the body?

Answer 40

lymph nodes

Question 41

What percentage of T cells are in peripheral blood?

Answer 41

75% of cells

Question 42

What percentage of B cells are in peripheral blood?

Answer 42

15-20%

Question 43

What does a B cell use to recognize an antigen?

Answer 43

b-cell receptor

Question 44

What type of antigen does the b-cell receptor recognize?

Answer 44

intact unprocessed antigen

Question 45

What does a T cell use to recognize an antigen?

Answer 45

major histocompatibility complex via t-cell receptor

Question 46

What type of antigen does the t-cell receptor recgnize on helper t cells?

Answer 46

peptide antigen on MHC II

Question 47

What type of antigen does the t-cell receptor recgnize on cytotoxic t cells?

Answer 47

peptide antigen on MHC I

Question 48

What is the CD3 molecule important for?

Answer 48

CD3 transduction

Question 49

What are the types of effector lymphoctes?

Answer 49

B-cells, helper t cells, and cytotoxic t cells

Question 50

What do b-cells do?

Answer 50

secrete antibody

Question 51

What do helper t cells do?

Answer 51

secrete cytokines that influence the immune response

Question 52

What do cytotoxic t cells do?

Answer 52

kill cells