Tx/Intervention

Question 1

Nancy Boyd-Franklin

Answer 1

Multi-Systems approach to working with African American families. Encourages meetings outside the consultation room, And involving members of the client support systems. Discourages victim mentality.

Question 2

Formative versus summative evaluation

Answer 2

Formative: evaluating the program as it is being implemented

Summative: evaluating the program once it is done

Question 3

Case versus administrative consultation

Answer 3

Case consultation (clinical):
- Client-Centered, individual
- Consultee-Centered, group

Administrative consultation (program):
- Consultee-centered, helping consultees overcome problems that limit programmatic change.
- Program centered, developing, modifying, etc a program

Question 4

Differential reinforcement of other behaviors, DRO

Answer 4

Combination of Operant Extinction and positive reinforcement, ignoring child speaking out of turn but reinforced desirable behavior

Reinforced for every interval of time in which Target behavior does not occur

Question 5

Rehm’s Self-Control theory of depression

Answer 5

Depression results from the low rates of self-reinforcement and high rates of self-punishment

Question 6

Advocacy consultant

Answer 6

Focuses on social and legal reform in order to improve the well-being of a disenfranchised group

Question 7

Libidinal decathexis

Answer 7

Removal of investment of emotional energy from a particular object

Question 8

Counterbalancing

Answer 8

Used when the same subjects get different types of treatment, to address carryover effects, Latin square is the most sophisticated method

Question 9

Milan group systemic family therapy

Answer 9

Combination of systems, cybernetics, and strategic therapies

Circular questioning
Prescribing rituals

Question 10

Bowen family systems therapy

Answer 10

Bowen - you’d better bow into the family

Goal is differentiation from family of origin

Genograms

Multi-Generational transmission of pathology

Question 11

Object relations family therapy

Answer 11

Focus on transferences and projections

Question 12

Mnuchin structural family therapy

Answer 12

Boundaries and subsystems

Triangulation
Detouring
Stable coalition

Question 13

Communications family therapy

Answer 13

Mental research institute (MRI)

Double-bind:
1. Told to do sthg, or will be punished
2. Non-verbal conflicting message, also punished
3. Can’t point out/react to conflicting messages, or will be punished

Double bind theory of schizophrenia not supported

Tx: direct and indirect techniques
- Direct: teaching, point out communication problems
- Indirect: paradoxical intervention - prescribe the symptom

Question 14

Haley strategic therapy

Answer 14

Symptoms are a form of communication

Question 15

Solution focused family therapy

Answer 15

Miracle question
Exception question
Scaling question

Question 16

Narrative therapy (White)

Answer 16

Symptoms are oppressing us
Goal of treatment is to re-story

Question 17

Freud’s theory of psychic determinism

Answer 17

Human nature is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, biological and instinctual drives, and psychosexual events of the first 6 years of life

Slips of the tongue and dreams are primary processes that represent elements from the unconscious

Question 18

Freud primary process versus secondary process

Answer 18

Primary process: dreams, hallucinations, an urgent attempt at tension reduction even at the expense of reality

Secondary process: thinking and speaking, focused on meeting the demands of reality and being able to delay gratification

Question 19

Reaction formation

Answer 19

A defense mechanism where you do the opposite of ID’s urge

Question 20

Millon’s primary defenses for each personality disorder

Answer 20

Schizoid: intellectualization
Narcissistic rationalization
Paranoid projection
Borderline : regression
Histrionic: dissociation
Dependent: introjection (from Gestalt)
Antisocial acting out

Question 21

Alloplastic versus autoplastic

Answer 21

Alloplastic: stress from trying to change or blame the external environment (eg BPD or narcissism)

Autoplastic: stress from trying to change or blame oneself (EG depression or anxiety)

Question 22

Four main stages of psychoanalysis

Answer 22

Clarification
Confrontation
Interpretation
Working through

Question 23

Melanie Klein

Answer 23

Object relations theorist
Worked with kids, saw play as free association

Splitting: good breast bad breast

Question 24

Social learning family therapy

Answer 24

Focuses on reinforcement /reward exchanges, and communication.

Pathology results from maladaptive behavior that is reinforced by family attention and reward, from deficient reward exchanges, and from communication deficits

Question 25

Meichenbaum's self-instructional therapy

Answer 25

Combines graduated. Practice with elements of rational emotive Theory, involves repeated practice of a targeted task Five-step procedure: 1. Therapist models task and verbalizes steps 2. Therapist verbalizes while client performs task 3. Client verbalizes steps while performing task 4. Client silently performs task while mouthing steps 5. Client independently performs task Also basis of protocol analysis, when do new task verbalize steps out loud?

Question 26

Stress inoculation training

Answer 26

Like a vaccine! Three components: 1. Education and cognitive preparation 2. Coping skills acquisition in the treatment room 3. Application of skills in imagination or in vivo

Question 27

Reality therapy

Answer 27

Responsibility Focuses on helping clients clarify their value is and evaluate their current behavior and plans in relation to the values. Help them accept responsibility for their decisions and actions

Question 28

Adler step systematic training and effective parenting

Answer 28

Natural and logical consequences for both good and bad behavior

Question 29

Adlarian psychology- individual psychology

Answer 29

Everyone has a basic sense of inferiority which can lead to motivation to mastery or neurosis Treatment approach: - strive for superiority or competence - present focused - focus on mistaken goals and faulty assumptions - examines impact of birth order

Question 30

Neo freudians

Answer 30

Focus on how social and cultural factors influence in shape personality Sullivan (interpersonal therapy) Horney (feeling alienated) Fromm (Marx and existentialism, having and being modes)

Question 31

Teleological view

Answer 31

Present behavior is determined by focusing on the future (as opposed to deterministic view of classical analysts, past shapes present)

Question 32

Jungian psychology

Answer 32

Teological, direct approach Archetypes, collective unconscious Neurosis = attempt to free self from interference of the archetypes, inability to integrate parts Transference = projection of personal and collective unconscious onto the therapist

Question 33

Contingency contracting

Answer 33

Type of intervention based in operant conditioning Negotiate a distribution of rewards and punishments in a contract between two people. Applied in a naturalistic environment when there's a problem between people and want to negotiate a contract for change

Question 34

Kohler

Answer 34

Early critic of behaviorism and psychoanalysis, believed that how we think is important for how we behave Chimp study: assembled two sticks to get a banana, used to demonstrate INSIGHT

Question 35

Displacement

Answer 35

Defense mechanism where you transfer in motion from one object to another Basis of phobias

Question 36

Rationalization

Answer 36

Defense mechanism where you explain something in a self-serving way

Question 37

Ego psychologists

Answer 37

1. Hartmann - Ppl also impacted by thinking - Ego-autonomous functions: healthy, conflict-free cog fn (learning, EF, memory) 2. Anna Freud - Kids - Words, not play 3. Erickson - epigenetic sequences: behavior determined by interaction between internal (id/ego/superego) and external social world

Question 38

Tolman

Answer 38

Latent learning Rats learn to navigate mazes without reinforcement

Question 39

Boundary disturbances in gestalt therapy

Answer 39

Result in problems in relationships Introjection: taking in something whole. Not questioning it Projection: projecting your internal stuff onto someone else, leads to paranoia Retroflexion: do to yourself what you would like to do to another, self-harm for example Deflection: don't want to deal with it so distract, with humor or questions Confluence: blurred boundaries between self and other so you don't have to deal with any conflict

Question 40

Client factors impacting Therapy process

Answer 40

- lower SES predicts dropout - lower education/intelligence predict dropout and poor outcomes - women more likely to seek tx - Rate of problems/dx decreases with age - Married have less probs - Racial mismatch predicts dropout in Black clients - girls respond better than boys, with adolescent girls responding best

Question 41

Best approach for childhood aggression

Answer 41

Cognitive behavioral approach: helping the child identify their goals, the negative consequences of using aggression, and alternatives to aggression

Question 42

Three levels of prevention

Answer 42

1. Primary prevention: prevent the thing from happening at all, EG vaccine 2. Secondary prevention: early detection and intervention in order to reduce duration and effects of problem, eg. Crisis intervention, suicide hotlines, screening tests 3. Tertiary prevention: minimize sequelae of a chronic diagnosis, EG day treatment program for schizophrenia

Question 43

Over correction

Answer 43

Behavioral technique for undesirable behaviors. Restitution: correct consequences of the bad behavior Positive practice: practice alternative behavior, often through guided movement

Question 44

Kohut Self-Psychology

Answer 44

Focused on narcissism Primary narcissism: good, baby is focused on itself because it has needs. If gets needs met, will develop healthy self-object Mirroring Idealizing Twin ship Empathic attunement = treatment focus, experience-near interpretations