Tutorials Flashcards
T2
Does degree of belief in a memory predict the accuracy of a memory?
No.
T2
Are traumatic memories easier to retrieve than non-traumatic?
No.
T2
Does recall of true memories result in more of an emotional spike than recall of false memories?
No.
T2
What may cause patients to believe in therapists’ suggestions? 3 things
- Therapist is an authority figure.
- Already vulnerable –more suggestible.
- Reduces feelings of defectiveness/ externalises blame.
T3
What are the treatments of choice for OCD? Why?
Exposure and response therapy or CBT. Only ERP shown to be efficacious and specific (it’s an EST).
T3
What are the main symptom dimensions of OCD according to DSM-IV?
(a) contamination obsessions with cleaning/washing rituals;
(b) doubts about harm with checking/reassurance seeking rituals;
(c) obsessions relating to a need for symmetry, exactness or completeness and associated ordering, repeating or arranging rituals;
(d) unacceptable thoughts of a violent, sexual or religious content with covert mental rituals;
(e) hoarding –separate disorder
T3
Has there been a treatment developed specifically for a subtype of OCD?
Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy [DIRT] for contamination (Menzies). A purely cognitive therapy (no exposure) that teaches about the nature of bacteria/contamination. Shown superior to ERP. Possibly efficacious – only one research group.
T4
What evidence, based on treatment efficacy, suggests that depression is distinct from prolonged grief?
Treatments for depression are not effective for grief.
T5
What lesson do Ryan et al. (2012) suggest should be drawn from the Waterlow case?
Enforced treatment should not be based on estimation of risk –this is too difficult for doctors to assess. Instead, it should be based on decision-making capacity. If individual incapable of making a decision himself, then others should be allowed to decide for him. May be based on patient’s ‘authentic self’.
T6
What are 5 problems with the Swiss heroin trials (1997)?
- No control group – all wanted heroin
- 5 times more spent on social services than in normal methadone clinics
- Most severe addicts were those who dropped out
- Addicts motivated to stay in program – and fail – in order to access heroin.
- Lower enrolment in abstinence programs while heroin trial was running.
T7
What is the core psychopathology of eating disorders (except for binge eating)?
Overevaluation of eating, shape, weight and their control. Self-worth derived from these factors.
T7
What percentage of patients make full recovery from BN after CBT?
About 50%.
T7
What 3 factors does the current cognitive treatment for BN address?
- dietary restraint, 2. response to adverse mood states, 3. over-evaluation of eating, shape, weight and control.
T7
What 4 additional maintaining processes for BN are suggested by Fairburn et al. (2003)?
- Clinical perfectionism – self-worth judged via striving and success in meeting demanding goals.
- Core low self-esteem – more globally negative view of self, independent of performance. Leads to hopelessness, undermining treatment compliance.
- Mood intolerance – inability to cope appropriately with certain emotional states. Sometimes intolerance of all intense mood states, including positive ones (e.g. excitement). Engage in ‘dysfunctional mood modulatory behaviour’- reduces awareness of mood. E.g. self-injury, alcohol, bing-eating, vomiting, intense exercising.
- Interpersonal difficulties – range of factors. 1. Family tensions intensify resistance to eating –may be to do with need for control. 2. Need to be slim in family –e.g. parent with AN. 3. Interpersonal stress commonly precipitate binging (evidence patients with BN more sensitive to social interactions). 4. Long-term IP difficulties reduce self-esteem.
T7
What are the advantages and disadvantages of treating eating disorders with a transdiagnostic approach?
Disadvantages:
- Overlooks differences between disorders
Advantages:
- Might treat patients who don’t respond well to normal CBT, which focuses on specific symptoms
- Patients often move between diagnoses, suggesting treatment has not adjusted core psychopathology
