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Political Science 1020 > Tutorials > Flashcards

Tutorials Flashcards

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1
Q

The US’s underlying strategy to drugs:

A

Cut supply chain, eradicate use however possible

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2
Q

He suggested that drugs should be treated as a public health problem that is intrusive to freedom.

A

Thomas Szasz

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3
Q

What is the libertarian self ownership argument for drugs?

A

People can do what they want, drugs should be in the free market

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4
Q

Consumption may increase depending on the price of the commodity, deals may turn to violent crime. Who said it?

A

Adams

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5
Q

The risk of imprisonment/fine is minimal compared to the relaxation and enjoyment it brings.

A

Revealed preference theory

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6
Q

This involves the production of rewards without causes inside the brain. It is a moral concern, and wouldn’t apply if the drug had no adverse effects.

A

Reward system in the brain

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7
Q

Husak argued that these are exaggerated, and don’t justify current regulations that violate individual rights.

A

Third party harm

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8
Q

Why are harms difficult to study?

A

Mixed substances, samples, flaky participants

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9
Q

De Marneffe argued that some drugs risk life for this group therefore prohibition is good.

A

Children

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10
Q

De Marneffe proposed the idea that individuals are bad at seeking long term interests because of this: therefore, punishment is needed.

A

Short term gratification

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11
Q

Why could gambling by children become a problem even with supervision?

A

There is a risk that they will develop problems later in life because big wins early create expectations

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12
Q

How does gambling harm the gambler?

A

Addiction

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13
Q

The police couldn’t enforce laws against gambling so they used this approach:

A

Unstimulated demand

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14
Q

What did the Gambling Act of 1968 permit?

A

Licenses to get rid of unscrupulous acts

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15
Q

How does gambling harm others?

A

Neglect of family, especially children, taxpayer burden

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16
Q

The state should be neutral between these:

A

Competing concepts of the good

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17
Q

This allows people to take into account the safety of what they purchase as one element in quality.

A

Free market in safety

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18
Q

Why is safety regulation good?

A

Consumer protection

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19
Q

Why is it illegal to buy some goods?

A

The risk of harm/death is too high

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20
Q

These third party effects involve dumping costs. Negative are most common.

A

Externalities

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21
Q

What is the conflict between two moral standpoints when it comes to safety?

A

Efficiency and spending on what saves the most lives

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22
Q

What is the consequentialist view on safety?

A

Do the most good with the resources available

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23
Q

The right thing is what we’ve always done or what we’re commanded by God to do.

A

The utilitarian view on safety

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24
Q

The measure is only required if it is good for humans.

A

Liberating doctrine

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25
Q

Basic rules in normal circumstances that override considerations of consequences.

A

Deontology/duty based/absolutism

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26
Q

Lost potential for economic growth, and human capital determines value.

A

The old standard VPF methodology

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27
Q

Looks at actual decisions.

A

Revealed preference

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28
Q

The experimenter focuses on questions specific to safety, all parameters can be fixed.

A

Express preference

29
Q

Estimate how many lives will be saved and how much the change will cost.

A

Consequentialist decision procedure

30
Q

The whole network had to be checked, travel was a nightmare, more people took cars, which are more dangerous.

A

Hatfield

31
Q

The driver was the scapegoat, the external culprit.

A

Great Heck

32
Q

According to this view, the more directly the accident is under the industry’s control, the greater the responsibility is on the industry to solve the problem.

A

Absolutist

33
Q

What are the two theories about crime?

A

Happiness and resource

34
Q

Crimes can be very different in nature. Our psychological reactions can be different. Who said it?

A

Bentham

35
Q

Some crimes generate more fear than others. Who said it?

A

Nozick

36
Q

The greatest effect. Fear can be worse than the damage, and the change of being harmed low, but fear creates misery.

A

Boundless injury

37
Q

Because of this, people stayed home and suffocated.

A

Anxiety

38
Q

Being victimized undermines a sense of self dignity, being treated with contempt, a change in status/self respect, and disruptive of social order.

A

Why people fear crime

39
Q

Forward looking, keep em off the streets.

A

Deterrence

40
Q

Dorling: sentencing policy won’t stop increasing this, especially murder.

A

Crime rate

41
Q

The benefits of obedience outweigh breaking the law.

A

Internal attitude

42
Q

Impulse, anger, pride, crimes of passion.

A

Chaotic attitude

43
Q

Because of reputational damage they won’t commit the crime.

A

Impure internal

44
Q

This makes people more likely to adopt internal attitudes. They grow out of crime.

A

Age

45
Q

Punishment based on desert.

A

Retribution

46
Q

This lowers the standing of the perpetrator and raises the standing of the victim.

A

Retribution

47
Q

What are the 5 dimensions of health measured by the EQ-SD instrument?

A
  1. mobility
  2. self care
  3. usual activities
  4. pain and discomfort
  5. anxiety and depression
48
Q

Wolff: those elements of a society which can be influenced by gobernment action are likely to have a significant impact on health.

A

Health care

49
Q

This does not automatically produce equality in health.

A

Equal access to health care

50
Q

On almost every indicator there is a social gradient of health corresponding to this:

A

Social class

51
Q

Studies of the health and mortality of British professionals.

A

Whitehall Studies

52
Q

The Whitehall studies that this influences stress levels:

A

Social status and control over working life

53
Q

Thaler and Sunstein: make the healthy choice the easy choice.

A

Libertarian paternalism

54
Q

The probability of falling ill.

A

Vulnerability

55
Q

Ability to bounce back after an adverse health event.

A

Resilience

56
Q

Shaw: the ability to take time off to let systems recover.

A

The Doctor’s Dilemma

57
Q

Rawls: the subject of this theory is how to share out the benefits and burdens of social cooperation. Disabled persons are outside the scheme of social cooperation.

A

Distributive justice

58
Q

Everything has the same level of welfare.

A

Equality of welfare

59
Q

Money and wealth.

A

External resources

60
Q

Skills and talents

A

Internal resources

61
Q

Dworkin: disability is purely a physical/mental impairment.

A

Medical model

62
Q

Dworkin: disability is socially constructed.

A

Social model

63
Q

Dworking: being disabled makes life economically harder.

A

Economic model

64
Q

Justice for people with disabilities requires disability does not add to the other injustices in the world.

A

Pragmatic equality

65
Q

Medical cures/intervention, education and training.

A

Personal enhancement

66
Q

Given money, they can choose how they want to spend it.

A

Cash compensation

67
Q

Resources are given with restricted use.

A

Targeted resource enhancement

68
Q

Improve opportunities, change laws and social attitudes.

A

Status enhancing

69
Q

What matters to humans is what they can do and be.

A

Capability theory

Political Science 1020 (9 decks)

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