Liberation Ideologies Flashcards
Denial of the rights and dignity of people of different races, devaluing of different character traits.
Racism
Challenging race as a category. The inference from superficial differences of appearance to allegedly significant differences in nature are illegitimate and without scientific validity..
Anti-racism
Men should be judged by the content of their character, not the colour of their skin. Who said it?
Martin Luther King Jr.
The elimination of racist laws, discrimination in education and unemployment.
Integration
Skepticism about the idea of integration, Afro American as a national identity, overcoming racist thinking and self hatred to build a stronger sense of identity.
Black nationalism
What can be done about racism?
Guaranteed political representation to create black majority districts, historical compensation for slavery
Racism in the Canadian context has been mainly against:
Indigenous peoples
They saw homosexual love as superior to and more uplifting than heterosexual love because it is a relationship between equals.
The ancient Greeks
They are known for a history of violence against and fear of homosexuals.
Monotheists
This was defined as an illness that could be treated by the American psychiatric association.
Being gay
This has been legalized in about 120 countries, is still punishable by death in many countries.
Being gay
Before there were homosexual acts, now there is a community with separate literature, histories, and ideas, otherwise known as an:
Identity group
Gays are denied this right that everyone takes for granted.
Marriage equality
What sports team pledged against discrimination towards homosexuals?
The Toronto Marleys
Aboriginal groups in Canada: US: Australia:
1st Nations, Native Americans, Aboriginees
The Aboriginal Peoples’ history is one of:
Conquest and occupation
Aboriginal culture was demeaned by these:
Settler communities
This group aims to overcome domination, restore pride/dignity from the impacts of European settlers, and to affirm status.
First Nations
This group wants to maintain their traditional ways of life.
First Nations
This group wants to be granted land claims from treaty rights.
First Nations
First Nations people strive for these powers. They want status recognition as a distinct people, with collective autonomy.
Self government
First Nations people seek this, based on treaties negotiated with the federal government, and separation from the federal system.
Treaty federalism
What is the traditional view of animals for humans?
They were made for human use
Why did St. Thomas Aquinas not think it wrong for man to make use of animals?
Charity doesn’t extend to irrational creatures
Kant argued that we shouldn’t treat animals badly because of this effect:
Spill over effect
What did Darwin’s Origin of Species prove?
We have a common ancestor: apes, from which we inherited our common faculties.
Our greatest moral failings:
Slavery and cruelty to animals
Bentham argued that the denial of animal inclusion into this is discrimination on par with racism.
The moral community
It is not whether they can talk or reason, but can they suffer? Who said it?
Jeremy Bentham
Pleasure should not override torment, which we support by consuming animal products form:
Factory farms
Who popularized the term animal liberation?
Peter Singer
He argued that this must be done, we need to extend equal treatment to non-human animals, and take their agency/vulnerability into account.
Peter Singer
True or false: Singer thought there were no differences between humans and animals.
False. No relevant differences.
What are the 3 stages of a movement according to Mill?
- ridicule
- discussion
- adoption - becomes obvious
Is multiculturalism bad for animals?
It protects groups on bases of disadvantages. Halal and Kosher meats cause considerable pain to animals, they are kept alive for a significant amount of time.
What are the 5 common characteristics of liberation ideologies?
- they address an audience
- the audience is mistreated or oppressed by some dominant group
- liberation from internal restrictions - victimization
- change of attitude is needed
- systems and structures of oppression are criticized and transformed
What is double hatred?
Hatred of one’s race and themselves
The master is freed when he acknowledges the slave is equally worthy.
Hegel’s parable of the master and the slave
Blacks demand these for the enslavement and exploitation of their ancestors:
Reparations, indirect payment
Who is the agent for an integrationist?
Black people
What are the obstacles for integrationists?
Racist laws, discrimination
What is the goal for integrationists?
Equality of opportunity and full citizenship
Who is the agent for a nationalist?
Black people
What are the obstacles for nationalists?
Racist beliefs, attitudes
What is the goal for a nationalist?
Black power, pride, dignity and independence
Who is the agent for gay liberationists?
LGBTIs
What are the obstacles for gay liberationists?
Homophobia
What is the goal for gay liberationists?
LGBTI power and dignity
Breaking the cycle of poverty, social and economic subordination, and political powerlessness, and reclaiming/restoring lost identities.
Indigenism
What is the stolen generation?
In Australia, children were taken from their families (the doomed race), and adopted/orphaned, they were forbidden to speak their language and were taught to be ashamed
What are the obstacles for aboriginal liberationists?
Oppressive laws, demeaning stereotypes, prejudice
What is the goal for aboriginal liberationists?
Pride, identity, self determination
What is Marxian critical theory?
Acting in the spirit of Jesus, social justice
According to liberation theology, what is the preferential option for the poor?
Moving away from rituals and sacraments
Orthopraxis:
Right and correct action
Who is the audience for liberation theology?
Christians
Who is the dominant group for liberation theology?
The affluent elite
What do liberation theologists consider to be oppression?
Internalized, thinking of poverty as fate
Who are the oppressors in liberation theology?
Bystanders, sinners
Who is the agent in liberation theology?
Christians
What are the obstacles in liberation theology?
Sin, oppression, indifference to suffering
What is the goal of liberation theology?
Equal dignity and respect for social justice
What happened to the Harlow/Iron Maiden monkeys?
They developed mental illnesses
Who is the audience of animal liberation?
Humans
Who is the oppressor for animal liberation?
Humans
The belief/prejudice that humans are superior. Animals have no rights so we can treat them how we want as individuals or as a species.
Speciesism
Who is the agent for animal liberation?
Humans
What are the obstacles for animal liberation?
Speciesism
What is the goal for animal liberation?
Ethical treatment of animals
What is the explanation function of liberation ideologies?
The group explains beliefs, beliefs of the oppressor, internalized by the oppressed, not natural.
What is the evaluation function of liberation ideologies?
Better or worse conditions.
What is the orientation function of liberation ideologies?
Individuals see themselves as oppressed, identify with group, understand their location in the social world, the oppressor must see the injustice.
What is the program function of liberation ideologies?
Liberal/civil rights - legal action, radical - challenge established social and legal powers, public and peaceful lawbreaking, bringing an end to oppression - living full/free lives.
Pro identity politics/politics of indifference, otherwise known as:
Multiculturalists
Emotion/physical attraction.
Sexual orientation
Sense of your own gender, usually consistent with sex assigned at birth.
Gender identity
Many identify as neither, not systematically related to orientation or identity.
Intersex
A currently contested term:
Queer
Fear of/aversion to LGBTI people, some state sponsored, worst in countries where illegal.
Homophobia
Most hate crime victims are:
Male
This gender is usually worse off in terms of hate crimes: because of beliefs about forced rape and failure to report.
Women
Acceptance of LGBTI people is greater in:
Wealthier countries
