Green Ideology Flashcards
No human had more of an impact on the atmosphere.
Thomas Midgley
Midgley invented one of the worst pollutants, this improves engine performance but poisons the atmosphere.
Ethyl
Midgley invented this CFC used in refrigerants that is highly destructive to the ozone.
Freon
This international protocol called for the phasing out of CFCs.
Montreal Protocol
Why is Midgley’s death a metaphor?
He died from polio, disabled, strangled by pulleys invented to get him out of bed - bad luck and creative thought. We have incredibly creative powers and ingenuity, but there are unintended long-term consequences.
Forests, wetlands, coral reefs are all examples of these, which are depleting.
Natural habitats
Fish and shellfish, necessary proteins are examples of these.
Wild food sources
The loss of this has a domino effect on soil, water, and air.
Biological diversity
This type of ceiling is needed on resources:
Soft ceiling
Because of these (oil, natural gas, coal) we are a fuel based economy.
Energy sources
This is contained in aquifers, it is now more difficult to access this; clean and reusable.
Fresh water
Pesticides, herbicides, etc. are examples of:
Harmful things we generate
Significant commercial fisheries have disappeared because of these:
Alien species
There are 360 deaths per day because of this:
Air pollution
Fossil fuels, methane from animals, etc. are examples of these that lead to climate change.
Atmospheric gases
This is expected to stabilize at 9-12 billion, until then we will continue to grow.
Human population
Per capita environmental impact in most severe in:
The developed world
Bias towards economic growth, private property, and capitalism.
Anthropocentrism
Greens are against this belief, that we are the centers and masters of nature, nature is a resource base, and has no value other than to serve humans.
Anthropocentrism
Greens don’t object to technological solutions, but recognize that we need this: a new way of thinking.
Eco-ethic
We are part of an interdependent natural system, what goes around comes around. A feature of identity.
Eco-ethic
We have a duty to care for all forms of life and have:
Respect for life
We have human power and responsibility to do harm and good. There is a connection between green ideology and this:
Philosophy of peace
Greens believe that we should take an orientation that emphasizes the right to protect, and advocate limits of consumption now because patterns have to change, otherwise known as:
Stewardship
How far ahead people think. This needs to be beyond 4 year political systems.
Time horizon
The impossibility of this explains why people are unwilling to sacrifice now so that others/future generations can benefit later, that can’t do anything for us.
Reciprocity
These can be divided.
Private goods
These can’t be divided.
Public goods
We need to ensure cooperation against all, in other words: If everyone has an incentive to free-ride however, this can’t happen.
Environmental collective action
We need to enforce collective solutions to prevent the destruction of the common good, otherwise known as:
The Tragedy of the Commons
We need to recognize the need for a long term horizon, and ensuring a collective action solution, otherwise known as:
Political engagement
Lobbying, setting up political parties, stressing the fundamental values are examples of:
Interest group politics, shallow/light green ecology
Eco-centric/Earth centered, we have a special responsibility because of our power but we are not special.
Deep/dark green ecology
Thinking of the Earth as a living, breathing entity, the Earth mother or:
Gaia, religious/spiritual greens
Political strategies, traditional politics and direct action. Representatives have a distinctive voice and perspective.
Secular greens
More likely to gain support, they can create a shared view about time horizons, that other parties are likely to buy into, thus gaining influence without getting the vote.
Light greens
“Leave an habitation not a ruin” Who said it?
Edmund Burke
“Nature has no value in itself” Who said it?
Locke
Leopold: interconnections and mutual dependence between species.
Land ethic, planetary ethic
Berry: we have assumed a right to these over generations that we haven’t earned and don’t deserve.
Fossil fuels
Collective overuse exhausts common resources, everyone has an incentive to add.
Tragedy of the Commons
The solution to collective action problems, agreed upon by the majority of people affected.
Mutual coercion
Berry: the sum of changes made by different creatures and natural forces.
Nature
Leopold: preserve integrity, stability, and the beauty of our community.
The central precept
Evergrowing human population increasingly outstrips available resources.
Malthus law
Mostly powerful males are at fault for environmental issues.
Ecofeminism
What is the explanation function of ecologism?
How environmental crises happened - anthropocentrism/humanism
What is the evaluation function of ecologism?
Actions that preserve/protect the natural environment
What is the orientation function of ecologism?
Species membership
What is the program for ecologism?
Policies/practices that protect that natural environment/education
What is the agent for ecologism?
Humans
What is the obstacle for ecologism?
Anthropocentrism
What is the goal for ecologism?
Survival/flourishing of all species
