Tutorial Lab 4 Flashcards
Bone tissue is only found in…
Subphylum Vertebrata
What changes have occurred in the evolution of the vertebrate skeleton of the perch?
Reduction in the number of bones in the skull
Reduction in the number of ribs
What is the central structure of support in the lower vertebrates?
Notochord
What are the two parts of the skeleton of vertebrates?
Axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton
What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Skull, vertebrae and ribs
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
Pectoral and pelvic girdles, and the bones of appendages
What is the outer skull of the perch made of?
Dermal bone.
Where does the dermal bone form in perch?
In the dermis of the skin
What is the inner skull of the perch composed of?
Endochondral bone
What is the cranium?
The elements of the inner skull
What bones in the perch form the vertebral column?
Vertebrae (they are endochondral bones)
What is the centrum in fish?
the centrum is the central, spool-shaped body or spine of each vertebra
What is the function of centrum in fish?
protects the spinal cord and allows for flexibility and movement
What is the neural arch in fish?
An arch of bone that surrounds and protects the spinal cord
What is the neural spine?
Extends outward from the vertebral column
What are the two subdivisions of the fish vertebral column?
Trunk and tail
What is different about the first two trunk vertebrate of fish?
They lack ribs, the rest of the trunk vertebrate possesses ribs
Do caudal vertebrate have ribs?
No
What is the hemal arch on the caudal (tail)?
A ventral portion that surrounds blood vessels
What are the median fins?
consist of the dorsal, anal, and caudal fins
What is the function of dorsal fins?
Have fin rays for support
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