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Biology lab (based On Review) > Tutorial lab 3 > Flashcards

Tutorial lab 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The name cnidaria refers to the specialized cells called _______

A

Cnidocytes

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2
Q

Describe nematocysts

A

Stinging structures in cnidocytes used to immobilize prey

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3
Q

Give examples of members of the phylum cnidocytes

A

Jellyfish, sea anemones, sea fans, corals, hydras

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4
Q

Cnidarians are composed of ___ cellular layers

A

2

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4
Q

What is meant by the term “radially symmetrical”?

A

Symmetrical down the middle

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5
Q

Name the mature and embryonic forms of the layers of cnidarians

A

Outer - epidermis (developed from ectoderm)

Inner - Gastrodermis (developed from endoderm)

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6
Q

What is meant by the term diploblastic organisms?

A

The organism has two germ layers of cells (very little differentiation)

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7
Q

In cnidarians, what lies between the epidermis and gastrodermis

A

A gelatinous layer of poorly developed mesoglea

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8
Q

Animals with three germ layers of cells are called ______

A

Triploblastic organisms

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9
Q

What are the two forms of cnidarians?

A

Polyp or medusa

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10
Q

A ______ is a tubular organism closed at one end with a mouth surrounded by tentacles at the other end

A

Polyp

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11
Q

A ______ is an umbrella-shaped, jellylike, free swimming organism with a mouth at the end of a central projection called a manubrium

A

Medusa

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12
Q

Why do cnidarians not need a specialized respiratory or circulatory system?

A

Because they live only in water and can use osmosis to obtain water and diffusion to obtain nutrients and oxygen

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13
Q

Polyps used for feeding within a colony of Obelia are ______ and contain ______ to increase surface area

A

Nutritive polyps, tentacles

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14
Q

Within a colony of Obelia, ______ polyps are club-shaped and lack tentacles

A

Reproductive

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15
Q

Describe the perisarc in a colony of Obelia

A

The perisarc is a transparent sheath covering the branches of the colony, called the hydrothecae around the nutritive polyps and the gonothecae around the reproductive polyps

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16
Q

Describe the tentacles of Obelia

A

They are long projections containing cnidocytes (with nematocysts inside them)

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17
Q

The _______ extends into the cavity of the medusa, containing a mouth at its tip surrounded by four oral lobes.

A

Manubrium

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18
Q

Flatworms are _____blastic

A

Triploblastic

19
Q

Where can gonads be seen on the medusa?

A

Underside

20
Q

What is the third cellular layer in flatworms and what does it develop from (embryonicly)?

A

Parenchyma tissue developed from embryonic mesoderm between the epidermis and gastrodermis

21
Q

What is the term for having no body cavity except the digestive cavity?

A

Acoelomate

22
Q

Parasitic flatworms also belong to the phylum ________

A

Platyhelminthes

23
Q

Describe the pharynx of dugesia sp.

A

It is a protrusible pharynx (meaning it sticks out from the organism) with a mouth at the end of it

29
Q

What type of digestive tract does Dugesia sp. have? What does this mean?

A

Blind digestive tract - A digestive tract with only one opening

31
Q

Describe the mouth and pharynx of Clonorchis sinensis (human liver fluke)

A

Clonorchis sinensis has an anterior mouth under a muscular sucker. Attached to the mouth is a muscular pharynx

32
Q

What makes the digestive tract of other Platyhelminthes different from Clonorchis sinensis?

A

It is nonexistent because they are often submerged in food and can directly absorb nutrients

33
Q

True or false: marine Platyhelminthes have an excretory system.

A

False. They don’t have one because they can diffuse. Therefore, the primary function of it is thought to be osmoregulation.

34
Q

Describe the discrete excretory system of planarians

A

There is an excretory pore which is at the end of a tubule. The other end has a spherical structure with long cilia called flame cells

35
Q

Describe a flame cell of a planarian

A

A spherical structure within the body containing long cilia

35
Q

The ________ system serves to transport nutrient materials in Platyhelminthes

A

Gastrovascular system

35
Q

What is the symmetry of Cnidaria?

A

Radially symmetrical

36
Q

Describe reproduction in Platyhelminthes

A

They are hermaphroditic and have both male and female sex organs.

36
Q

Describe digestion in Hydra

A

Hydra use tentacles to capture food and bring it towards the mouth

37
Q

Describe reproduction in Hydra

A 
Asexual = budding
Sexual = sperm and ova (made from spermaries and ovaries)
38
Q

Briefly describe Obelia sp.

A

They are colonial and alternate between both Cnidarian stages. Polyp = asexual and medusa = sexual

39
Q

What is the common name of Dugesia sp.?

A

Planarian

40
Q

What is the function of setae in an earthworm’s natural habitat?

A

Providing the grip required for movement

40
Q

Platyhelminthes are ______ symmetrical

A

Bilaterally

41
Q

Describe the tracheal system (for respiration)

A

Air enters small openings called spiracles which lead to a system of branching tracheae. These branch into extremely fine tubules (tracheoles) that reach the individual cells or small groups of cells within the body

41
Q

On a cross-section of Ascaris sp., how does one locate the following structures: cuticle, epidermis, pseudocoelom, muscle cells, pharynx

A 
Cuticle - outer covering
Epidermis - more inner covering
Pseudocoelom - fluid-filled interior
Muscle cells - long cells stretched out from walls
Pharynx - odd-looking centre portion
42
Q

On a cross section of an earthworm, how does one locate the following structures: cuticle, epidermis, goblet cells, circular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer, peritoneum, coelom, intestine, chloragogue cells, dorsal blood vessel, ventral blood vessel, nephridia, setae

A

Cuticle - thin external layer
Epidermis - outer cellular layer filled with goblet cells
Circular muscle layer - located just beneath the epidermis
Longitudinal muscle layer - bundles of muscle beneath circular muscle
Peritoneum - thin epithelial lining separating the body cavity from wall
Coelom - body cavity
Intestine - large central portion with unfolding called typhlosole
Chloragogue cells - surround intestine
Dorsal blood vessel - above intestine
Ventral blood vessel - below intestine
Nephridia - between intestine and body wall, look like wavy lines
Setae - projections from body wall

43
Q

What is the function of the chloragogue cells?

A

Glycogen synthesis, deamination of proteins, production of ammonia and urea

44
Q

The trachea tubes have ______ thickening to them

A

Spiral

45
Q

What is the symmetry of Cnidaria?

A

Radially symmetrical

Biology lab (based On Review) (9 decks)

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