Tutorial IBD AI generated Flashcards
Describe the role of gluten proteins in causing immune responses in the intestine.
Gluten proteins in grains can trigger an immune response in the intestine, leading to inflammation and damage to the intestinal wall.
Define Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) mention some risk factors associated with it.
IBD is characterized by an abnormal immune response to harmless microbes triggered by genetic susceptibility, infections, altered microbiota, lack of exposure to certain organisms, and the hygiene hypothesis.
How does the hygiene hypothesis relate to the development of allergic disorders and immune responses in IBD?
The hygiene hypothesis suggests that reduced microbial exposure in childhood can lead to an imbalance in T helper cells, defective regulatory T cell maturation, and aggressive immune responses, potentially contributing to allergic disorders and IBD.
Describe the role of Nod2 in the immune response and its significance in Crohn’s disease.
Nod2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that recognizes bacterial components. Mutations in Nod2 can lead to impaired immune responses, as seen in Crohn’s disease where the receptor fails to recognize bacteria effectively.
Explain how mutations in Nod2 affect the immune response in Crohn’s disease patients.
Mutations in Nod2 in Crohn’s disease patients result in a non-functional receptor that cannot recognize bacteria properly, leading to impaired immune responses and inflammation.
What are some mechanisms proposed by the hygiene hypothesis that may contribute to the development of allergic disorders and immune responses in IBD?
The hygiene hypothesis suggests mechanisms such as lack of microbial burden in childhood, defective regulatory T cell maturation, antigenic competition from infectious agents, and genetic hyperimmunoreactivity triggered by dysbiosis that may contribute to allergic disorders and immune responses in IBD.
Describe the difference Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS
IBD is a chronic inflammatory condition triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to dysregulation of the immune system. IBS is non-inflammatory, characterized by chronic abdominal pain without visible inflammation.
Define dysbiosis and its role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).
Dysbiosis refers to microbial imbalance in the gut. It plays a role in IBD by contributing to the disbalance between the immune system and bacteria.
How do Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC) differ from each other?
UC involves chronic continuous inflammation of the colon with deep ulcerations, while CD is a chronic inflammatory condition of the GI-tract with healthy parts mixed in between inflamed areas.
Describe the microbiome alterations in patients with IBD.
Patients with IBD have reduced microbial diversity, low levels of beneficial bacteria, higher levels of harmful bacteria, and potential for mucus degradation.
Do commensal microbiota play a role in regulating gene expression and immune homeostasis in the gut?
Yes, commensal microbiota are important in regulating gene expression and maintaining immune balance in the gut.
Define microRNAs (miRNAs) and their role in immunity.
MicroRNAs are highly conserved molecules that control immune cell differentiation and functions, playing a significant role in innate and adaptive immunity.
How do T-helper cells contribute to IBD?
T-helper cells (CD4+) are implicated in IBD, contributing to the immune dysregulation seen in the disease.
Describe the difference in T cell involvement between Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn’s Disease (CD).
In CD, there is an excessive Th1 immune reaction, while in UC, there is an excessive Th2 immune response, with both diseases displaying Th17 involvement.
What are biologicals and what is their potential impact on the immune system?
Biologicals are drugs derived from living organisms, containing natural proteins like antibodies and cytokines, with the potential to stimulate the production of antibodies.
