Chapter 10 AI generated

Question 1

Describe how NK cells recognize healthy cells in the immune system.

Answer 1

NK cells recognize healthy cells through inhibitory receptors that recognize MHC I on the cell surface.

Question 2

Define immunological memory in the context of the immune system.

Answer 2

Immunological memory refers to the ability of the immune system to remember specific pathogens encountered in the past.

Question 3

How does the innate immune system develop memory of common invaders?

Answer 3

The innate immune system develops memory through genes for receptors like Toll-like receptors that detect common molecular structures of pathogens.

Question 4

Explain the difference between innate and adaptive immune system memory.

Answer 4

The innate immune system has memory based on fixed genes for detecting common invaders, while the adaptive immune system forms memory specific to encountered pathogens.

Question 5

Do B and T cells retain memory of specific invaders after an attack?

Answer 5

Yes, after encountering a pathogen, B and T cells can form memory cells that remain in the body to provide a faster response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen.

Question 6

Describe the three types of B cells generated during the initial response and their functions.

Answer 6

1. Short-lived plasma B cells: produce specific antibodies in lymphoid follicles, live for a few days. 2. Long-lived plasma B cells: produced in germinal centers with T cell help, provide long-term immunity. 3. Central memory B cells: act as stem cells in lymphoid tissues, can quickly produce more short-lived plasma B cells during subsequent attacks.

Question 7

Explain the types of T cells generated after naive T cells have been activated.

Answer 7

1. Effector T cells: equipped with adhesion molecules to reach the site of infection. 2. Memory effector T cells: remain near the site of infection after an attack. 3. Central memory T cells: stay in secondary lymphoid organs and can quickly respond during subsequent attacks.

Question 8

What is the role of long-lived plasma B cells in the immune response?

Answer 8

Long-lived plasma B cells continuously produce antibodies in the bone marrow, providing long-term immunity.

Question 9

How do central memory B cells contribute to the immune response?

Answer 9

Central memory B cells act as stem cells in lymphoid tissues, replacing long-lived plasma cells and quickly producing short-lived plasma B cells upon re-exposure to antigens.

Question 10

Define effector T cells and their function in the immune response.

Answer 10

Effector T cells are activated T cells with adhesion molecules that migrate to the site of infection to combat pathogens.