TUT 4 (Being the “odd” one)

Question 1

What is executive dysfunction ?

Answer 1

A dysfunction in controlling a behavior in a constantly changing Environment !
It is also a characteristic of ASD

Question 2

What does ASD mean ?

Answer 2

Autism Spectrum Disorders !

Question 3

How to make an ASD kid more comfortable in diffrent enviorments ?

Answer 3

1. Create order from chaos
2. Promote peer understanding
3. Try to challenge stereotypes of ASD student
4. needs to develop social skills
5. Adapt academic skills
6. Modify conversational language

Question 4

What processes are involved in executive functions ? (factors)

Answer 4

1. Planing
2. Working memory
3. Mental flexibility
4. Response inhabitation
5. impulse Control
6. self monitoring
7. Generativity

Question 5

Which brain regions are involved in executive functions ?

Answer 5

1. Pre frontal lobe
2. Pre frontal Cortex
3. subcortical or thalamic pathways

Question 6

What are non - social behaviors ? (which can be found in ASD kids )

Answer 6

1. Strong liking for repetitive behaviors
2. lack of impulse Control
3. Difficulty initiating new non-routine Actions
4. Difficulty switching between Tasks
5. A Need for equality acceptings

Question 7

Executive dysfunction (planing) and Connection towards ASD !

Answer 7

1. Describes a cognitive skill that requires constant monitoring, evaluation and updating of Actions.
2. Not clear if deficitis are related by IQ or ASD
3. Figured out by Tower of London

Question 8

What is the Task (Tower of London)

Answer 8

1. (planing)

Copy the pearls in trying to use as less trys as possible while watching the time.

Question 9

Executive dysfunction (Mental flexability)
Connection towards ASD !

Answer 9

1. Is the ability to respond to situational chances by quickly shifting one’s thoughts or Actions.
   It has been prooven that ASD perform poorly on mental flexablity but it is not sure if other variables such as verbal ability or IQ or Task demands Play a role.
   - Wisconsin card sorting task

Question 10

What is the Task (Wisconsin card sorting Task)

Answer 10

Mental felxibility

1. Come up with an order of cards considering (shape colour or numbers)
2. Give the participant a Signal so he knows that he figured out the correct order.
3. After a while switch up the order and see if he or she is capable of figuring out the new order !

Question 11

Executive dysfunction (Prepotent response Inhibition)

Answer 11

1. The ability to suppress irrelevant or interfering information or Impulses.
2. It is unknown if impairment in performance would reflect a problem with inhibition Responses or strategy formation, generativity, or the nature of the rules.
3. The stroop

Question 12

Executive dysfunction 
(Generativity)

Answer 12

1. is the ability to produce ideas/behaviors spontaneously
2. No correlation of impairment of generativity and ASD proven, except from more repetitions of the same word.
3. Test of verbal fluency

Question 13

What is the task (Test of verbal fluency)

Answer 13

Give u a word and try to tell as many connected word to it under a minuet.
- Generativity

Question 14

Executive dysfunction 
(Self monitoring)

Answer 14

1. o Describes the ability to control and regulate one’s own thoughts and behaviors.
2. Not well establishes tests to prove impairment in people with ASD
3. Test of verbal fluency

Question 15

In which executive dysfunction is most likely an impairment regarding ASD?

Answer 15

Response inhibition, planning skills& self-monitoring,

Question 16

Positive correlation between age and executive dysfunction ?

Answer 16

1. mental flexibility
2. planning
3. speed of response

Question 17

Conclusion regarding executive functions and ASD.

Answer 17

1. difficulties with these executive functions reflect autistic symptomology and not intellectual disability.

Question 18

History of Inclusion ?

Answer 18

1. Back in time humans with special need were left by them-self (no care taker and not understand)
2. Than Inclusion became a human right.
   Then they had acces to public schools which did not really help them cause it was not what they needed!
3. Then special schools for there needs were invented and till now we try our best to give them the same opportunities as every human deservs.

Question 19

Definiton of Schooll Inclusion in 4 words:

Answer 19

1. Presence -> no use of any kind of differentiation
2. Participation -> the quality of students educational experiences
3. Acceptance -> by teachers and peers
4. Achievement -> progress in educational and social fields
   - Inclusion is an ongoing process

Question 20

ASD and enviorment ?

Answer 20

The correct Environment is necessary for an ASD student.

Question 21

( Challenge stereotypes and raise expectations )

Answer 21

1. Students are treated different because teachers automatically put them into a category (low expectations of intellectual skills
2. Solution:
   - Do not stereotyped
   - pay intention to individual needs

Question 22

Strategie (Create order from chaos)

Answer 22

Schools are noise and chaotic which is difficult for ASD student to be concentrated.
- Solutions:
they need routine or relaxation areas or an individual schedules to create routine

Question 23

Strategie (Promote colleges understanding)

Answer 23

ASD students lack in social understanding and communication skills. Which leads to isolation/bullying and then to mental issues.
As well an ASD stundet can not understand that a supervisor can not understand his feelings an thoughts
- Solutions:
Circle of friends strategy (trying to make matches with the same interest and let them sit together

Question 24

Strategie (Develop social skills)

Answer 24

ASD students often struggle to understand the unwritten rules that permeate everyday social interactions.
- Solutions:
Hidden curriculum which means teaching ASD some additional Information (set of social skills which are not usually taught e.g. using and correctly interpreting body language )
social stories should be:
Descriptive
Directive
Perspective
Which leads to the goal that the social story is to share accurate social information

Question 25

Strategie (Adapt academic subjects)

Answer 25

Schools subjects are often not accessible for students with ASD - (additional Challengers) Example:o Science and math require abstract thinking & literature or history often demand perspective taking -Solution use: Step by step approach

Question 26

Strategie (Modify conversational language )

Answer 26

Pupils with ASD show difficulties in understanding non-literal use of language (e.g. metaphors, irony) - Solutions: Teachers needs to pay close attention about what they are saying and just define terms which are not understandable

Question 27

Definition of bullying

Answer 27

Bullying is a relationship that involves repeated hostile actions among students which is characterized by diffrences in power.

Question 28

Internalizing behavior

Answer 28

Low self estem and a shy person who keeps his or her thoughts for him or her self! Example would be depression.

Question 29

Externalizing behavior

Answer 29

Example: Disobeying rules and physical aggression | Try to relief his stress.

Question 30

How is the power lvl determined among children ?

Answer 30

1. Advantages in social status or popularity 2. physical size and or strength 3. age (younger more bullied) 4. intellectual ability 5. membership in a socially defined dominant group.

Question 31

Bidirectional relationship of bullying.

Answer 31

1. Young person with mental health issue is bullied | 2. Young person develops mental health issues as a result of being bullied

Question 32

Forms of bullying

Answer 32

1. Verbal and relational form (more often+less caughtable | 2. physical form

Question 33

Implications for prevention and intervention

Answer 33

1. Any adults involved with children must maximize positive peer interactions while minimizing negative peer interactions 2. stop developing aggressive/ bullying behavior 3. Adults need to be a role model 4. Be aware of peer dynamics 5. Enhance children’s capacities to be defenders 6. Active communication about mental health issues and disabilities among children 7. Encourage children to look out for help 8. dvelpoing coping skills 9. Use preventive nature of social architecture (e.g. assigning )

Question 34

Forms of bullying

Answer 34

1. Verbal and relational form (more often + less caughtable | 2. physical form

Question 35

What kind of characteristic do kids have who get bullied.

Answer 35

1. Younger age 2. Fewer friends in school 3. Parents who have mental health problems 4. social difficulties 5. nternalizing mental health problems

Question 36

How do social activities influence bulying?

Answer 36

- positive group dynamics (inclusion, caring, etc.) | - negative group dynamics (exclusion, aggression, etc.)

Question 37

Bullying circle

Answer 37

Social and communicative difficulties leads to less friendships with peers leads to easier target for bullying

Question 38

What is the task (the stroop)

Answer 38

Use all Colours which are written in a different Colour and le the participant tell you what kind of Colour is written down there and in the second run which Colour the words have after that compare the times.