TUT 3 (Sport Psychology) Flashcards
Definition of injury.
- Injury is a potential outcome of regular and rigorous physical Exercice.
- Injury means trauma to the body that results in at least temporary (but sometimes permanent) physical disability and inhibition of motor function
Definition of dicomfort
- It can be part of an injury, but it is not the total outcome
- Example of discomfort an individual may be stiff and sore
What are stressors ?
Fears after or trough out injurry
Stressors after the injury.
- fear of reinjury
- feeling that hopes and dreams were shattered watching others get to perform
- social concerns (lack of Attention)
Stressors
- physical problems (e.g., pain)
- medical treatment (e.g., medical uncertainty)
- rehabilitation difficulties (dealing with slow Progress)
- financial difficulties
- missed opportunities
Stress-injury relationship Theory:
- Attentional Disruption
- > Stress disrupts an athlete’s attention by reducing peripheral attention (how much u see u see less)
Increased Muscle Tension Theory
High stress can lead to considerable muscle tension that interferes/infleunce normal coordination/movement and increases the chance of injury
Other Explanation for injurys
- Coaches: give 110% (take the extra risk)
- If You’re Injured, You’re Worthless
- One key point is that coaches should teach their players the differences of pain feeling
(overload in training or serious injury)
How do Sports injuries come up
- Physical factor
- psychosocial factors
- social factor
- athletic situtation
Pysical factor
- such as muscle Imbalances
- overtraining
- physical fatigue
psychosocial factors
issues of stressors or pressure anxiety and Burnout
social factor
playing with injury is highly valued in American Society
Atheltic situation
Competition, important practice,
threatening situation increases state anxiety which causes a Variety of cahnges in focus or attention and muscle tension lead to injury.
Sport Ethic can be involved in injuries as well
From a sociological perspective, injury risk increases the more a culture narrowly defines success according to win-loss records (as well as Money and scholorships instand of own achievments.
Diseaster reactions of inujry
- suicide
- cognitive deficits
- depression
- deterioration of brain functioning
Emotions by losing a loved one are the same going trough in injury just in different orders Goes back and fourth.
- denial
- anger,
- bargaining,
- depression, and
- acceptance and reorganization
Different reactions
- view an injury as a disaster
- Others may view their injury as a relief
Emotional reactions towards disaster ( 3 stages )
- Injury-relevant information processing
- injured athlete focuses on information related to the pain - Emotional upheaval and reactive behavior
- Once the athlete realizes that she is injured, she may become emotionally (isolated disconnected shock - Positive outlook and Coping
- The athlete accepts the injury and deals with it
Additional reactions: Risk factor
- Identity loss
- Fear and anxiety
- Lack of confidence.
Performance decrements (declines in Performance) (difficulty lowering) - Group processes
disrupts
Biological Factory:
Psychological stress increases catecholamines and glucocorticoids, which damage the movement of healing immune cells.
it is also believed that stress causes Sleep disturbance.
Signs of Poor Adjustment to Injury
- Denial (injury is not a big deal
- Repeatedly coming back too soon and becoming reinjured
- Exaggerated bragging about accomplishments
- Dwelling on minor physical complaints
- Guilt about letting the team down
- Withdrawal from significant others (rücklauf)
- Rapid mood swings
- Statements indicating that recovery will not occur no matter what is done
Holistic approach
Healing both the mind and body
What improves recovery ?
- Goal settings
- positive self-talk strategies
- keep up motivation
What kind of motivation are existing ?
- intrinsic motivation (own personal driven motivation)
Good - extrinsic motivation
Bad (money)
What to do as a coach to support healing ?
- Explain what the injury is all about
- Make sure that he sustain motivation
- Goal sitting and mantaining postive attitudes
- teach coping skills
- Make sure that he follows the rehabilitation
- Give social supprt
Name the characteristics of maintaining injured !
- high trait anxiety,
- high life stress
- low psychological and coping skills,
- low social support
- high avoidance coping.
What does PST stand for ?
Psychological skill training
Definition of PST
Systematic and consistent practice of mental or psychological skills for the purpose of enhancing performance, increasing enjoyment, physical activity and self-satisfaction
An injured person should be capable of …?
- maintaining and focusing concentration
- regulating arousal levels
- maintaining confidence and motivation
- to relax
- Imagery mental preparation
- develop coping skills
Definition of mental toughness :
To handle a situation perfectly by changing the Environment.
How to gain mental toughness without practicing ?
- sibling rivals
2 supportive parents coach and teammates
3 tough practice
How to gain mental toughness with practicing ?
- creating pressure
- imagery self talk
- teaching metal skills
Where else can PST be useful and why ?
- Sport military and business
- why? Because it is about working with new enviornment and to maximize ur performance
Why is PST still underestimated ?
- lack of knowledge
- misunderstanding of psychological skills (chapions born not made)
- Lack of time
Myths about PST and why are they wrong ?
- PST is for athletes, who have serious psychological problems or disorders
- Difference between educational sport psychology and clinical sport psychology - PST is for elite training only
- Young athletes, developing athletes or people who are mentally disabled or intellectually/physically challenged - PST provides “quick fix” solution
- consitence and ongoing process - PST is still perceived to being useless to some people
3 Phases of PST
- Education Phase
- Explain what PST is all about and that it can be learned with constant practice. - Acquisition Phase
-focuses on strategies and techniques for learning the various psychological skills. - Practice Phase
-to automate the skills
integrate psychological skills into their performance situations
Definition of self regulation
controlling one’s behavior, emotions, and thoughts in the pursuit of long-term goals.
Stages of self regulation
Stage 1 (Problem identification) Stage 2 (commitment to change) Stage 3 (execution of the problem) Stage 4 (Environmental management) Stage 5 (generalization)
Who when and how (PST)
- Who ? Ideally coaches/online trainer should/or an extra coach with background in the field use PST to prevent ethic Dilemma.
- WHEN ? Off season or pre season
- How long 10- 15 min 3-5 times a week and integreated in physical training, Formel and informel meetings and at the end evaluate the program
What do u need to keep in mind if you develop a PST program.
consider building up a strong relationship and the unique conditions of each sport (golf more time to gain ur focus back compared to soccer.
effective consultants
- Are accessible
- flexible and knowledgeable too meet the needs
- were likeable
- fit in with the team and were trustworthy
- conducted several follow up sessions
ineffective consultants
- Had poor interpersonal skills
- could not reach the needs of athlets
- lacked specific psychology knowledge
The biopsychological model
Its about how to deal with metal illness on three lvl
- Biological (lvl) -> such as trauma solution would be mdeicine
- Social enviorment -> such as family (try to use selfcare strategies and look outside the box
- Psychological lvl (past experineces such as depression which can be solved by a therapist
