Psychology in Society lecture 1

Question 1

What is social psychology ?

Answer 1

The scientific study of the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of individuals in a social context

Question 2

What do social psychologist study ?

Answer 2

1. How people are influenced by others and by diff situations
2. How people make decisions
3. How we make sense of our world
4. inferences (Rückschlüsse) we make about others’ attitudes and personalities

Question 3

Personality psychology

Answer 3

• stresses individual differences in behavior

Question 4

Cognitive psychology

Answer 4

-study of how people think about, perceive, and remember aspects of the world

Question 5

Sociology

Answer 5

• study of behavior of people at the aggregate level

Question 6

Characterizing social Psychology

Answer 6

Proximal

Distal

Question 7

Field theory (Factor of explaining bahvior)

Answer 7

B=f(E,P)
E = Environment
P = Person
Is behavior due to individual differences or situational influences.

Question 8

The Role of Construal (Factor of explaining behavior)

Answer 8

People often think about, perceive or construe the same stimulus in different ways. (See the old lady or the young woman)

Question 9

Definitionen of processing

Answer 9

New data must be interpret analyzed and saved to be useful for the future.

Question 10

How does processing work ? (Factor of explaining behavior)

Answer 10

1.Automatic processing
- does not need attention
- riding daily a bike (habbits)
2.controlled processing
requires attention and effort
-intentional
(car riding the first time)

Question 11

Cultural differences (Factor of explaining behavior)

Answer 11

• independent (individualistic) vs
  1. Need for individual distinctiveness
  2. like to act on there own
  3. Status is gained trough out own accomplishments
• interdependent (collectivist) cultures
  1. Harmonious relations within group
  2. Stauts based on age and group membership
  3. Preference for collective actions

Question 12

How can we use social psychology to solve social issues ?

Answer 12

If we know what factors explain behavior we might be able to change or shape the behavior.

Question 13

Fear appeals (changing behavior)
(how to influence behavior)

Answer 13

It is used for motivating people to take a particular action, endorse a particular policy, or buy a particular product, by arousing fear.

• make it a personal threat
• and try to make it a self or response efficacy message.
• short term effects

Question 14

Rewards postivie reinforcment and punishment negative reinforcment (changing behavior )
-(how to influence behavior)

Answer 14

• Task performance increase if rewards increase

- Task performance much larger increases when punished (no matter how big the puinshment was )

Question 15

Naminng and shaming

how to influence behavior

Answer 15

Behavior can be manipulated by reputation loss

Question 16

Nudging (how to influence behavior)

Answer 16

Changing the Environment that unconsciously guide behavior in a certain hopefully correct direction
- short term effect

Question 17

Modeling (how to influence behavior)

Answer 17

Learning principles based on imitation

Question 18

Name the three groups of social psychologist !

Answer 18

1. Sociology
2. Cognitive Psycholgy
3. Personality psychology

Question 19

What does explain social behavior !

Answer 19

1. The field theory
2. The construal theory
3. cultural diffrences

Question 20

How to finfluence social behavior

Answer 20

Naming shameing 
nudging
modeling
Fear appeals 
rewards or punishment