Turning To Crime - Upbringing Teories

Question 1

Method of Farrington

Answer 1

Longitudinal study- interviews

Question 2

Participants of Farrington

Answer 2

411 boys, 8/9 years old from east London, mainly from working class,397 families involved

Question 3

Procedure of Farrington

Answer 3

Interviews with children, interviews with parents each year, and interviews with teachers. Data from criminal records office used to gain convictions. Interviews with boys at 48 y/o.

Question 4

Results of Farrington

Answer 4

General findings:
-peaked at age 17 closely followed at 18
-7% of males were chronic offenders = committed half of all crimes recorded
Family orientated findings:
- At age of 20, 48% with convicted parent (dad) had convictions
-and 54% with convicted mothers had convictions.

Question 5

Conclusions of Farrington

Answer 5

Offending concentrated within family and transmitted amongst generations.

Question 6

Aim of Akers

Answer 6

To test social learning theory of deviant behaviour with survey data on adolescent drinking and drug behaviour

Question 7

Method of Akers

Answer 7

Self report

Question 8

Participant of Akers

Answer 8

Approx. 2500 male and female adolescent in grades 7-12 in 3 states of USA

Question 9

Procedure of Akers

Answer 9

Practical permission obtained, survey done on kids about alcohol and marijuana, follow up interview to check reliability. Abstinence off alcohol measures on 6 point scale, abuse measured by asking them if they experienced it on more than one occasion.

Question 10

Results of Akers

Answer 10

Strong support for social learning theory of adolescent alcoholic+drug behaviour.
Model explain 55% of variance in drinking and 68% in drug behaviour

Question 11

Aim of Wilstrom and tafel

Answer 11

To test what factors are the most significant predictors of criminal behaviour

Question 12

Method of Wilstrom and tafel

Answer 12

Self report - questionnaire

Question 13

Participants of Wilstrom and tafel

Answer 13

2000, 14-15 y/o in state schools in Peterborough

83% returned, selected a sample of 20% of those in more in depth interview study.

Question 14

Examined explanatory factors of Wilstrom and tafel

Answer 14

1) family social position
2) individual characteristics
3) social situation
4) lifestyles and routines
5) community contexts

Question 15

Results of Wilstrom and tafel

Answer 15

Overwhelming no. of youths have strong pro-social values
Offending off less serious nature is widespread
Serious offending was rare-7% only
Strong predictors = social situations

Question 16

Conclusions of Wilstrom and tafel

Answer 16

1) individual routines and lifestyle = strongly affected by involvement in crime
2) youths with many individual risk factors offend frequently
3) lower socio-eco class had more risk factors

Question 17

Aim of Farringdon

Answer 17

To investigate the influences of family orientated life events on the likelihood of criminal behaviour