Psychological Disorders- Treating A Disorder

Question 1

Aim of Reisinger

Answer 1

To find out whether a behavioural therapy, token economy, could be used to treat an inpatient with a diagnosis of depression

Question 2

Method of Reisinger

Answer 2

Case study

Question 3

Participant of Reisinger

Answer 3

White female, 20y/o who had been an inpatient for 6 years

Question 4

Procedure of Reisinger

Answer 4

The pp informed on how to gain or be fined tokens.
Value of each token = purchase stuff
Received token for smiling (social reinforcements accompanied it ‘well done’)= slight opening of mouth upward turning of lips
Fine = removal of token = crying = tears for 5-30 mins
20 weeks

Question 5

Measurements of Reisinger

Answer 5

Observation with observers at least 10ft away, and at least 3x a day for at least 2hrs each time

Inter-rater reliability = 0.95

Question 6

Results of Reisinger

Answer 6

Baseline = smile 0 cry 30 - a week
Final week= smiling27 crying 2 times

Follow up after 14 months no need for hospitalisation or further treatment

Question 7

Conclusions of Reisinger

Answer 7

Behavioural therapies can be very effective in treatment of depression

Question 8

Biological treatment?

Answer 8

Medication increases level of neurotransmitters so prevents uptake of serotonin

Can’t build up tolerance to serotonin

Question 9

Aim of Karp and Frank

Answer 9

To compare drug treatment and non-drug treatment for depression

Question 10

Method of Karp and Frank

Answer 10

Review article

Question 11

Participants of Karp and Frank

Answer 11

Research reviewed concentrated on women with depression - 9 pieces of research, 529 women took part in those studies

Question 12

Procedure of Karp and Frank

Answer 12

Depression analysed using diff. inventories, patients tested to prior treatment

Question 13

Results of Karp and Frank

Answer 13

Adding psychological treatment to drug therapy did not increase effectiveness of the drug

People more likely to continue treatment if combined method used

Question 14

Conclusions of Karp and Frank

Answer 14

Logical that two treatments better than one, evidence doesn’t support it

Question 15

Cognitive treatments?

Answer 15

‘Faulty’ cognition
Change negative thoughts into positive ones
Uncovering and challenging negative thoughts

Question 16

Aim of Riggs

Answer 16

To evaluate fluoxetine vs. Placebo in combination with CBT on depression, substance abuse and conduct disorder

Question 17

Method of Riggs

Answer 17

Randomised controlled study.

CBT targeted at substance abuse not depression

Question 18

Participants of Riggs

Answer 18

126 adolescent with depression and had substance abuse and conduct disorder

Question 19

Procedure of Riggs

Answer 19

16 weeks spent being treated with either fluoxetine and CBT or placebo and CBT

Question 20

Results of Riggs

Answer 20

Combination of fluoxetine and CBT most effective as lead to significant improvement in one measure

Question 21

Behavioural treatment?

Answer 21

Can be unlearned
Some people are depressed as they are rewarded= get attention
Reinforced for non-depressed behaviour