Turning To Crime - Biological Theories

Question 1

Participant for Brunner.

Answer 1

5 males affected in the family.

Question 2

Method for Brunner.

Answer 2

Quasi experiment

Data collected from urine analysis over 24h periods

Question 3

Results of Brunner

Answer 3

Disturbed monoamine metabolism associated with a deficit of enzyme monoamine oxidase A

Each male= mutation identified in X chromosome in gene responsible for production of MOAM

Question 4

Conclusions for Brunner

Answer 4

Defect in gene leading to impaired serotonin metabolism = mental retardation = violent behaviour

Question 5

Aim of Raine?

Answer 5

To look at direct measures of both cortical and subcortical brain functioning using PET scans in group of murderers

Question 6

Method of Raine

Answer 6

Quasi experiment under lab conditions

Question 7

Participants of Raine

Answer 7

41 people - 39 m 2 f, charged of murder -pleading for Not Guilty for Reasons of Insanity. Compared to 41 controls.

Question 8

Procedure of Raine

Answer 8

Pps injected with glucose tracer, and were required to work on continuous performance task that was based around target recognition- 32 mins

Then given a PET scan

NGRIs compared to control on level of activity in left and right hemispheres in 14 areas

6 cortical and 8 subcortical

Question 9

Results of Raine

Answer 9

NGRIs= less activity in prefrontal and parietal areas = decision making and abstract ideas

NGRIs more active in occipital areas

No diff. In temporal areas

Subcortical= less activity in corpus collosum, imbalance of activity between hemispheres, more active in hippocampus and amygdula

Question 10

Aim of Wilson and Daly

Answer 10

To examine gender and age patterns in crimes of violence

Question 11

Method of Wilson and Daly

Answer 11

Analysis of data from police records at one point in time

Question 12

Procedure for Wilson and Daly

Answer 12

Reviewed records of homocide crimes in Detroit in 1972. Age and sex of predators and victims were analyse. Data split into categories crime specific, social conflict and unknown.

Question 13

Results for Wilson and Daly

Answer 13

The most homicides were socially based and more homicides are performed by males than females , 422 compared to 90.
Homicides mainly committed by young unmarried males, and victims were young unmarried males

Question 14

Conclusions for Wilson and Daly

Answer 14

Status competition can explain most homicides.

Result support higher levels of crime committed by males than females.

Question 15

What is the aim of Brunner?

Answer 15

To explain the behaviour of a large family in the Netherlands where the males are borderline mental retardation and abnormal violence.