Turning To Crime- Cognitive Theories

Question 1

Method of Yochelson and Samenow

Answer 1

Self report - interviews with pps over several years

Question 2

Participants of Yochelson and Samenow

Answer 2

255 males from various backgrounds, all NGRIs

Question 3

Procedure of Yochelson and Samenow

Answer 3

Freudian based therapy which attempted to find root cause of insanity

Question 4

Results of Yochelson and Samenow

Answer 4

• restless and imitable
• when they were at school, notes found from parents and teachers as impositions
• continually set themselves apart from others
• habitually angry

Question 5

What are the 3 categories Y+S found

Answer 5

1) criminal thinking patterns=fear and need for power
2) automatic thinking errors=lack of empathy+failure to accept obligations+secretive communication style
3) crime related thinking patterns=optimistic+fantasising about crime(no regret)

Question 6

Conclusions for Y+S

Answer 6

Cognitive processes->disturbed self image-> crime

Crime=result from young age=influence from parents

Question 7

Aim of kohlberg

Answer 7

To find evidence in support of a progression through stages of moral development.

Question 8

Method of kohlberg

Answer 8

Longitudinal study

Question 9

Participants of kohlberg

Answer 9

58 boys from Chicago working and middle class, aged 7.10,13 and 16

Question 10

Procedure of kohlberg

Answer 10

Each boy given 2hr interview with 10 dilemmas they had to solve
Some followed up 3 yearly intervals up to age 30-36

Question 11

Results of kohlberg

Answer 11

1) younger boys at stages 1 and 2, older boys at stages 3 and 4 -> suggesting development through stages
2) supported by cross-cultural studies, but slower in non-industrialised societies

Question 12

Conclusions of kohlberg

Answer 12

Does seem to be a support across cultures for the stage theory.

Recent replication using criminals shows that crimes for financial reasons show more immature reasoning

Question 13

Aim of Godjpnsson and Bowes

Answer 13

To examine the relationship between type of offence and the attributions they make about their criminal act

Question 14

Method of Godjpnsson and Bowes

Answer 14

Using GBAIto measure type of crime and attributions

Question 15

Participants of Godjpnsson and Bowes

Answer 15

80 criminals serving sentences in North Ireland
20 violent offences
40 sex offences
20 property offences

Question 16

Procedure of Godjpnsson and Bowes

Answer 16

Interviewed with questionnaire

Question 17

Results of Godjpnsson and Bowes

Answer 17

GBAI mean scores show that guilt had the highest score in all offenders 8.1 12.7 5.5

Sex offenders show the most remorse followed by violence

Question 18

Conclusions of Godjpnsson and Bowes

Answer 18

Different attributions of guilt based on their type of crime

High level of consistency when compared to previews study (England)

Question 19

Aim of Yochelson and Samenow

Answer 19

1) to understand the make up of criminal personality
2) establish techniques which can be used to alter the personality disorder that produces crime
3) establish techniques that can be preventative of crime