Tumours Flashcards
Define a tumour
Any clinically detectable lump or swelling
Define a neoplasm
An abnormal growth of cells that persists after the initial stimulus is removed
What is the most common type of vulval cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What does VIN stand for?
Vulvual intraepithelial neoplasia
What is the transformation zone on the cervix?
Where simple columnar epithelium changes into stratified squamous via metaplasia
Is dysplasia neoplastic?
No it is reversible so it is pre-neoplastic
What types of HPV are high risk?
16 and 18
What does HPV do?
Produce viral proteins E6 and 7, that inactivate tumour suppressor genes p53 and Rb
What does CIN stand for?
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
Name 3 risk factors for CIN
Increased risk exposure to HPV, early first pregnancy, Multiple births and smoking, smoking and immunosuppression
Which type of CIN is not treated?
1
What are the 2 types of cervical cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma
What is the common presentation of invasive cervical cancer and endometrial cancer?
Bleeding and a mass
What is endometrial hyperplasia?
Thickened endometrium >11mm , can be a precursor to endometrial cancer . Caused by excessive oestrogen
What are the 2 types of endometrial cancer?
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma and Serous adenocarcinoma
Which endometrial and ovarian cancer is associated with psammoma bodies?
Serous adenocarcinoma
What is a fibroid in the myometrium called?
Leiomyoma
What are the symptoms of Leiomyoma?
Asymptomatic, pelvic pain, heavy periods and urinary frequency
What is a malignant tumour of the myometrium called?
Leiomyosarcoma
What is a serum marker for ovarian cancer?
Ca-125
What type of teratoma is benign?
mature
What is anther name for a mature teratoma?
Dermoid cyst
What do theca and granulosa cell tumours produce?
Oestrogen
What do Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours produce?
Testosterone
