Menopause Flashcards
Define menopause
No menstrual periods for a consecutive 12 months, caused by failure of ovarian follicular development
What is the average age to go through the menopause?
50
What happens in the pre-menopause phase?
slightly less oestrogen produced, LH and FSH levels may rise
What happens in the peri menopausal phase?
Follicular phase shortens, ovulation is early or absent
What is the hormone measured to determine if the menopause has happened?
FSH will be high
Name 3 symptoms of early menopause
Hot flushes, insomnia, sweating and psychological symptoms
Name 3 consequences of menopause
Osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and CVD
What happens to the genital organs in menopause?
Ovarian atrophy, reduction in pubic hair and vaginal dryness
Why is there a loss of pelvic tone?
Reduction in oestrogen which usually gives tone to smooth muscle, can cause urinary incontinence
Why are post-menopausal women at risk of osteoporosis?
Lack of oestrogen causes enhanced ability for osteoclasts to reabsorb bone. Calcium is lost from the bone so they become weak and liable to fracture
Name some non-hormonal treatments of the menopause?
Lighter clothing, reduce caffeine and alcohol, reduce fat intake in diet
How can HRT be delivered?
Pill form, vaginally or transdermally (patch on skin)
