Tumours Flashcards
What is the most common brain tumour
metastases
What is a grade 1 astrocytoma called
pilocytic astrocytoma
Who gets pilocytic astrocytomas
kids and young adults
pilocytic astrocytomas are benign/malignant
benign
With which brain tumour is neurofibromatosis 1 associated
grade 1 pilocytic astrocytoma
what is the management of grade 1 brain tumours
surgical resection is curative
what is a grade 2 astrocytoma called
fibrillary astrocytoma
grade 2 brain tumour is low/high grade, benign/malignant
low grade
malignant
grade 2 fibrillary astrocytoma can dedeifferentiate into a high grade malignancy, true or false
true
radiotherapy is never given to under 3 year olds, true or false
true
grade 2 astrocytomas can be cured, true or false
false
tumour will inevitably return, it is just a question of when
what is a grade 3 astrocytoma called
anaplastic astrocytoma
which age group is affected by anaplastic astrocytomas
30-50 y/o
what is a grade 4 astrocytoma called
glioblastoma multiforme
what is the most common primary brain tumour in 60-75 year olds
glioblastoma multiforme
what are the management options for brain tumours
surgery
chemotherapy: temozolamide, procarbazine, vincristine, carmustine
radiotherapy
immunotherapy
what are side effects of brain radiotherapy
drops IQ
hair loss
skin thinning
what do oligodendrocytomas arise from
oligodendrocytes
How do patients with oligodendrocytomas present
seizures
how do children with oligodendrocytomas present
vomiting and headaches
tiptoe walking
buzzwords for oligodendrocytomas
greyish pink
toothpaste like
what cells do meningiomas arise from
arachnoid cap cells
what bodies are found in meningiomas
psammoma bodies
meningiomas are benign/malignant
benign
how can meningiomas present
asymptomatic - incidental
headaches
seizures
CN palsies
describe radiation induced meningioma
meningioma found in midline after radiotherapy treatment in childhood
what is pre operative embolisation
embolisation of a vascular tumour before operating
what is the management of small meningiomas
conservative
meningiomas and pregnancy?
they grow due to oestrogen
what does surgical resection of meningiomas involve
removal of the tumour and associated dura mater to decrease chance of recurrence
example of malignant nerve sheath tumour
acoustic neuroma / vestibular schwannoma
what tumour is neurofibromatosis 2 associated with
vestibular schwannomas (esp bilaterally)
what sign in seen on imaging with acoustic neuromas
ice cream cone sign on MRI
What syndrome can pineal tumours cause
Parinauds syndrome
upward gaze palsy
pupillary light near dissociation
conversion retraction nystagmus
what can pineal tumours compress
extra ocular muscles
what should be suspected if there is a midline tumour in a child
germ cell tumours
what is the most important examination to do if a brain tumour is suspected
fundoscopy
