Tumours

Question 1

What is the most common brain tumour

Answer 1

metastases

Question 2

What is a grade 1 astrocytoma called

Answer 2

pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 3

Who gets pilocytic astrocytomas

Answer 3

kids and young adults

Question 4

pilocytic astrocytomas are benign/malignant

Answer 4

benign

Question 5

With which brain tumour is neurofibromatosis 1 associated

Answer 5

grade 1 pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 6

what is the management of grade 1 brain tumours

Answer 6

surgical resection is curative

Question 7

what is a grade 2 astrocytoma called

Answer 7

fibrillary astrocytoma

Question 8

grade 2 brain tumour is low/high grade, benign/malignant

Answer 8

low grade

malignant

Question 9

grade 2 fibrillary astrocytoma can dedeifferentiate into a high grade malignancy, true or false

Answer 9

true

Question 10

radiotherapy is never given to under 3 year olds, true or false

Answer 10

true

Question 11

grade 2 astrocytomas can be cured, true or false

Answer 11

false

tumour will inevitably return, it is just a question of when

Question 12

what is a grade 3 astrocytoma called

Answer 12

anaplastic astrocytoma

Question 13

which age group is affected by anaplastic astrocytomas

Answer 13

30-50 y/o

Question 14

what is a grade 4 astrocytoma called

Answer 14

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 15

what is the most common primary brain tumour in 60-75 year olds

Answer 15

glioblastoma multiforme

Question 16

what are the management options for brain tumours

Answer 16

surgery
chemotherapy: temozolamide, procarbazine, vincristine, carmustine
radiotherapy
immunotherapy

Question 17

what are side effects of brain radiotherapy

Answer 17

drops IQ
hair loss
skin thinning

Question 18

what do oligodendrocytomas arise from

Answer 18

oligodendrocytes

Question 19

How do patients with oligodendrocytomas present

Answer 19

seizures

Question 20

how do children with oligodendrocytomas present

Answer 20

vomiting and headaches

tiptoe walking

Question 21

buzzwords for oligodendrocytomas

Answer 21

greyish pink

toothpaste like

Question 22

what cells do meningiomas arise from

Answer 22

arachnoid cap cells

Question 23

what bodies are found in meningiomas

Answer 23

psammoma bodies

Question 24

meningiomas are benign/malignant

Answer 24

benign

Question 25

how can meningiomas present

Answer 25

asymptomatic - incidental
headaches
seizures
CN palsies

Question 26

describe radiation induced meningioma

Answer 26

meningioma found in midline after radiotherapy treatment in childhood

Question 27

what is pre operative embolisation

Answer 27

embolisation of a vascular tumour before operating

Question 28

what is the management of small meningiomas

Answer 28

conservative

Question 29

meningiomas and pregnancy?

Answer 29

they grow due to oestrogen

Question 30

what does surgical resection of meningiomas involve

Answer 30

removal of the tumour and associated dura mater to decrease chance of recurrence

Question 31

example of malignant nerve sheath tumour

Answer 31

acoustic neuroma / vestibular schwannoma

Question 32

what tumour is neurofibromatosis 2 associated with

Answer 32

vestibular schwannomas (esp bilaterally)

Question 33

what sign in seen on imaging with acoustic neuromas

Answer 33

ice cream cone sign on MRI

Question 34

What syndrome can pineal tumours cause

Answer 34

Parinauds syndrome
upward gaze palsy
pupillary light near dissociation
conversion retraction nystagmus

Question 35

what can pineal tumours compress

Answer 35

extra ocular muscles

Question 36

what should be suspected if there is a midline tumour in a child

Answer 36

germ cell tumours

Question 37

what is the most important examination to do if a brain tumour is suspected

Answer 37

fundoscopy