Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What components make up the nervous system
CNS and PNS
What makes up the CNS
Brain and spinal cord
What makes up the PNS
12 pairs of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
What makes up the brainstem
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
What makes up the diencephalon
thalamus + hypothalamus
What are the principle cells of the CNS
Neurons
Glial cells
What are the subtypes of glial cells
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
What are neurons
Communicating cells that receive information from synapses and transmit it to other neurons/effector cells
Most neurons are multipolar, true or false
True
Describe astrocytes
Type of glial cell
star shaped
roles in support, maintaining BBB, environmental homeostasis
There are more neurons than glial cells in the CNS, true or false
FALSE
There is connective tissue present in the CNS, true or false
FALSE, no connective tissue in CNS
What is the role of oligodendrocytes
produce myelin in CNS only
Have numerous branches
Where do microglia originate from
bone marrow / homopoietic origin
What is the role of microglia
immune monitoring and antigen presentation
What are ependymal cells
ciliated epithelium that line the ventricles and produce CSF
What does grey matter contain
neuron cell bodies / soma
What does white matter contain
axons
Where is grey matter found in the CNS
Brain - outside
Spinal cord - inside
Where is white matter found in the CNS
Brain - inside
Spinal cord - outside
somatosensory information is found in the pre / post central gyrus
POST central gyrus
Somatomotor information is found in the pre / post central gyrus
PRE central gyrus
Where is the cingulate gyrus found
above the corpus callosum
What is the corpus callosum
huge band of white matter connecting right and left cerebral hemispheres and transmitting neural messages between them
What is the calcarine sulcus
Primary visual cortex
How many lobes of the brain are there
5
What are the lobes of the brain
frontal parietal temporal occipital insular
Where is the insular lobe located
usually hidden deep in lateral sulcus
what are the meningeal layers
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
How many layers of dura are there
2
what space is found under the arachnoid mater and what is found inside
subarachnoid space contains CSF
describe the path of CSF and ventricles
lateral ventricles interventricular foramen of monro 3rd ventricle cerebral aqueduct 4th ventricle foramen of magendie and luschka
what is a nucleus
collection of soma in the CNS
What is a ganglion
collection of soma in the PNS
what is a tract
collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels in the CNS
what is a nerve
collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels in the PNS
what modalities can a nerve be
somatic sensory somatic motor visceral afferent sympathetic parasympathetic
what modality do multipolar neurons tend to be and where is their soma found
motor
soma found in CNS
What modality do unipolar neurons tend to be and where is their soma found
sensory
soma found in PNS in dorsal root ganglion
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there and how many of each are cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal
31 pairs C1-8 T1-12 L1-5 S1-5 Co 1
Where are spinal nerves only found
intervertebral foramina
What modality are the posterior root(lets)
sensory only
What modality are the anterior root(lets)
motor only
What modality are the spinal nerves and rami
mixed sensory and motor
What is a dermatome
area of skin supplied with sensory innervation by a single spinal nerve
what is a myotome
skeletal muscles with motor innervation by a single spinal nerve
are myotomes always deep to dermatomes
sometimes, eg:
T2-12 yes
C3,4,5 no