Sleep physiology and parasomnias

Question 1

what is sleep

Answer 1

normal recurring reversible state

not conscious or unconscious

Question 2

at the start of sleep which is first, REM or non-REM

Answer 2

non-REM

Question 3

what is brain activity like in
non-REM
REM

Answer 3

non-REM - synchronised and rhythmic

REM - similar to wakelfulness

Question 4

what is muscle tone like in
non-REM
REM

Answer 4

non-REM - partially relaxed

REM - atonic except for resp and eye muscles

Question 5

what is cerebral blood flow like in
non-REM
REM

Answer 5

non-REM - decreased CBF

REM - increased CBF

Question 6

what are HR, BP and TV like in
non-REM
REM

Answer 6

non-REM decreased

REM - increased

Question 7

are dreams narrative or non-narrative in
non-REM
REM

Answer 7

non-REM - non-narrative

REM - narrative

Question 8

REM sleep is more important in adults/children

Answer 8

children for brain development

Question 9

what are the 3 processes for sleep onset

Answer 9

homeostatic response
emotional response 
circadian rhythm (25 hours)

Question 10

what times of the day do we most need sleep

Answer 10

4am

2pm

Question 11

what is non-REM sleep also known as

Answer 11

deep sleep

Question 12

consequences of chronic sleep deprivation

Answer 12

irritability
lapse in concentration
impairs alertness, risk assessment, communication and innovation

Question 13

chronic sleep deprivation impairs old, well rehearsed routine behaviour, true or false

Answer 13

false

Question 14

what is a major cause for RTAs and death

Answer 14

chronic sleep deprivation

Question 15

how many hours of sleep should you get a night

Answer 15

7-7.5 hours

Question 16

what are parasomnias

Answer 16

sleep disorders

Question 17

when are non-REM parasomnias

Answer 17

early night

Question 18

when are REM parasomnias

Answer 18

late night

Question 19

features of non-REM parasomnias

Answer 19

sleep walking 
confusional arousals 
non dreaming 
sleep terrors 
sleep paralysis 
bruxism 
restless legs 
PLMS
complex behaviours

Question 20

features of REM parasomnias

Answer 20

dreaming
atonia with dream interaction
PARKINSONS association
simpler behaviour

Question 21

what is narcolepsy

Answer 21

rare long term brain condition that causes a person to fall asleep suddenly at inappropriate times

Question 22

what are the clinical presentations of narcolepsy (5)

Answer 22

excessive daytime sleepiness 
cataplexy 
hypnagogic hallucinations 
sleep paralysis 
REM sleep behavioural disorder RBD

Question 23

investigations for narcolepsy

Answer 23

overnight polysomnography
multiple sleep latency test
LP

Question 24

LP findings in narcolepsy

Answer 24

low hypocretin levels in CSF

Question 25

when narcoleptics fall asleep they go straight into non-REM sleep, true or false

Answer 25

false, they go straight into REM sleep