Tumour pathology 3 % + Flashcards
what are the local Effects Of
Benign Tumours?►
–Pressure
–Obstruction
what are the Local Effects Of
Malignant Tumours? ►
•Pressure
- Obstruction
- Tissue destruction–Ulceration/infection
- Bleeding–Anaemia or Haemorrhage
- Pain –Pressure on nerves or Perineural infiltration or Bone pain from pathological fractures
- Effects of treatment
what are the Systemic Effects Of Malignant Tumours?
- Weight loss-cancer (cachexia)
- Secretion of hormones
–“Normal”
–“Abnormal”/inappropriate
- Paraneoplastic syndromes
- Effects of treatment
Define normal and abnormal hormone secretion in sytematic effects of cancer?
- “Normal” - produced by tumours of endocrine organ,but abnormal control of hormone production/secretion
- “Abnormal”/inappropriate - produced by tumour from an organ that does not normally produce hormone
what is the significance of early detection in cancer?
- Reduce/prevent morbidity/mortality
- Detection at pre-invasive stage
–Identification of dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia
what is Dysplasia?
- Pre-malignant change
- Earliest change in the process of malignancy that can be visualised.
- Identified in epithelium
- No invasion
- But can progress to cancer
what are the features of Dysplasia?
•Disorganisation of cells
–Increased nuclear size
–Increased mitotic activity
–Abnormal mitoses
•Grading of dysplasia
–High grade
–Low grade
No invasion
Examples of inappropriate secretion of hormones for lung cancer
- ACTH
- ADH
Paraneoplastic syndrome
- a syndrome (a set of signs and symptoms) that is the consequence of cancer in the body, but unlike mass effect, is not due to the local presence of cancer cells.
- In contrast, these phenomena are mediated by humoral factors (such as hormones or cytokines) excreted by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor.
Intraepithelial neoplasia►
Intraepithelial neoplasia (IEN) is the development of a benign neoplasia or high-grade dysplasia in an epithelium.
Neoplasia: the presence or formation of new, abnormal growth of tissue.
