IA Tumour pathology 1 % + Flashcards
Sarcoma vs carcinoma
Carcinoma
- Epithelial
Sarcomas
- bone,
- muscle,
- connective tissue
- cartilage
- fat.
Define tumour
- A tumour/neoplasm is an abnormal growing mass of tissue
- growth is uncoordinated with that of surrounding normal tissue
- growth continues after the removal of any stimulus that initated it
- irreversible change
Define Cancer
A malignant tumour which:
- invades into adjacent tissue
- metastasise (spread) & grows at other sites within the body
Common types of cancers in males
- Prostate
- Lung
- Colon
- Kidney
- Melanoma
Common types of cancers in females
- Breast
- Lung
- Colon
- Uterus
- Melanoma
Common types of cancers in humans and survival rates
- Breast ⇒85%
- Lung⇒ 10%
- Prostate⇒ 85%
- Colon ⇒60%
- Melanoma ⇒ 90%
How are tumours classified
- Based on tissue of origin e.g Lymphoid tissue
- Benign v malignant
what are the tumours in glandular epithelium known as?
Benign: Adenoma
Malignant: Adeno-Carcinoma
what are the tumours in epithelial Squamous known as?
Benign: Squamous papilloma
Malignant: Squamous carcinoma
Bone
Benign: Osteoma
Malignant: Osteo-sarcoma
Fat
Benign: Lipoma
Malignant: Lipo-sarcoma
Fibrous
Benign: Fibroma
Malignant: Fibro-sarcoma
WBC
Benign: N/A
Malignant: Leukaemia
Lymphoid tissue
Benign: N/A
Malignant: Lymphoma
Melanocytes
Benign: Naevus
Malignant: Melanoma
Neural tissue
CNS: Astrocytoma
PNS: Schwannoma
Germ cell tumours
- Teratomas
- Develop in ovary/testis
- Ovarian teratomas usually benign
- Testicular teratomas usually malignant
8 Distinguishing features Of Benign And Malignant Tumours 2
- Growth pattern: Malignant invasive, Benign is non-invasive
- Presence of capsule: Malignant none, Benign encapsulated
- Invasion: Malginant are invasive, Benign not
- Presence of metastases: Malignant yes, Benign no
- Differentiation: Malignant are poorly differentiated, Benign well differentiated
- Appearance of tumour cells
- Function: Benign function similarly, Malignant leads to loss of normal fuction
- Behaviour: Malignant frequently causes death, Benign rarely
