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semester 1 > Tumour Pathology > Flashcards

Tumour Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

An abnormal growing mass of tissue (a tumour)

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2
Q

Describe the growth of tumours

A

Continues after the removal of any stimulus which may have caused the tumour - autonomous growth

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3
Q

What are the types of tumour?

A

Benign
Malignant - cancer

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4
Q

What does metastasise mean?

A

The ability of a cancer to spread - cancers invade adjacent tissue and grow at other sites within the body

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5
Q

What are two factors important in causation of cancers?

A

Environmental - diet, alcohol, obesity, smoking, exercise
Genetic - chances increase with age

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6
Q

What are the common types of cancer for men?

A

Prostate, lung, colon, bladder, lymph node

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7
Q

What are the common types of cancer for women?

A

Breast, lung, colon, uterus, ovary

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8
Q

What are the common types of cancer for both sexes?

A

Breast, lung, prostate, colon, melanoma

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9
Q

What are the cancers with the highest survival rate?

A

Melanoma, breast, uterus

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10
Q

What are the cancers with the lowest survival rate?

A

Lung, ovary

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11
Q

Why is it important to classify tumours?

A

Understanding tumour behaviour
Understanding prognosis and selected therapy

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12
Q

What are the aspects we classify tumours on?

A

Tissue of origin (epithelium, connective tissue,blood, lymphoid tissue, neural tissue, germ cells ….)
Benign vs Malignant

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13
Q

What are the two types of epithelium that can host cancer?

A

Glandular and squamous

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14
Q

What is the name for a benign and malignant glandular epithelium tumour?

A

Benign - Adenoma
Malignant - Adeno-Carcinoma

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15
Q

What is the name for a benign and malignant squamous epithelium tumour?

A

Benign - Squamous Papilloma
Malignant - Squamous Carcinoma

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16
Q

What are the names given to benign tumours for the connective tissues (Bone, Fat, Fibrous tissue)

A

Bone - Osteoma
Fat - Lipoma
Fibrous tissue 0 Fibroma

17
Q

What are the names given to malignant tumours for the connective tissues (Bone, Fat, Fibrous tissue)

A

Bone - Osteo-sarcoma
Fat - Liposarcoma
Fibrous tissue - Fibro-sarcoma

18
Q

What is the name given to cancer of the white blood cells? There are no know benign tumours for white blood cells?

A

Leukaemia

19
Q

What is the name given to cancer of the lymphoid tissue? There are no know benign tumours for lymphoid tissue

A

Lynphoma

20
Q

What are tumours of the Central nervous system called?

A

Astrocytoma - concepts of benign and malignant tumours don’t exist in the CNS - there is a limited space that tumours don’t escape out of

21
Q

What are tumours of the peripheral nervous system called?

A

Schwannoma

22
Q

Where do Germ cell tumours develop?

A

Ovary or Testis

23
Q

What is the name given to germ cell tumours?

A

Teratomas

24
Q

Are ovarian teratomas benign or malignant usually?

A

Benign

25
Q

Are testicular teratomas benign or malignant usually?

A

Malignant

26
Q

What are the features of benign and malignant tumours?

A

Growth pattern, presence of capsule (ring of connective tissue round the outside of a tumour), invasion, presence of metasteses (malignant if spread exists)
Differentiation, appearance of cells, function, behaviour

27
Q

What are the features of benign tumours

A

Non-invasive growth pattern, usually encapsulates, no evidence of invasion, no metastases
Cells look similar to normal, well-differentiated
Function similar to normal tissue (if normal function os similar)
Rarely causes death

28
Q

What are the features of malignant tumours?

A

Invasive growth pattern
No capsule, breached by tumour cells
Cells look abnormal
Cancers are poorly differentiated
Loss of normal function
Often evidence of spread of cancer
Frequently cause death

semester 1 (105 decks)

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