Tissue

Question 1

Which type of tissue forms glands?

Answer 1

Epithelia

Question 2

Is the epithelia vascular or avascular?

Answer 2

Avascular, it relies on the connective tissue for blood supply

Question 3

What is the name given to the top and bottom of epithelia cells?

Answer 3

Apical - exposed to the surface cavity

Basal surface

Question 4

What is the function of squamous epithelial cells?

Answer 4

Fast absorption and diffusion, making thin membranes

Question 5

What is the function of cuboidal cells?

Answer 5

Absorb nutrients and produce secretions

Question 6

What is the function of cuboidal cells?

Answer 6

Cushions underlying tissues

Question 7

What is meant by pseudostratified?

Answer 7

Mostly one layer, cells with different shapes and sizes

Question 8

What is the basement membrane?

Answer 8

The basement membrane is a thin, fibrous, extracellular matrix of tissue that separates the epithelium from underlying connective tissue.

Question 9

What does the basement membrane consist of?

Answer 9

The basal lamina and the underlying layer of reticular connective tissue

Question 10

What is the basal lamina?

Answer 10

It is the layer of extracellular matrix on which the epithelium sits

Question 11

What is the reticular connective tissue composed of?

Answer 11

A network of collagen fibres

Question 12

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Answer 12

Endocrine - secretes hormones into the blood stream or nearby cells

Exocrine - secretes their juices into tubes or ducts

Question 13

Which type of gland loses contact with the cell surface?

Answer 13

Endocrine

Question 14

What are the two types of tubular glands?

Answer 14

Tubular or acinar

or they can mix to form tubuloacinar

Question 15

What is the difference in secretions between acinar and tubular glands?

Answer 15

Acinar - Thick mucus
Tubular - Secretes thinner liquids which can travel easily from tubular glands

Question 16

What are the two types of exocrine gland?

Answer 16

Mucous and serous

Question 17

What are the products of mucous and serous glands?

Answer 17

Mucous - mucous - a secretion rich in proteglycans

Serous - a secretion rich in proteins often enzymes

Question 18

What is the function of myoepithelial cells?

Answer 18

Cuboidal cells that contract to secrete sticky mucous

Question 19

Why can’t you store steroid hormones?
And what do you store instead?

Answer 19

They would immediately leave the cell
Instead you store their precursors (lipids)

Question 20

What are all steroids derived from?

Answer 20

Cholesterol

Question 21

What is meant by parenchyma?

Answer 21

The functional parts of the organ within the body

Question 22

What is meant by the stroma?

Answer 22

The structural tissues of organs (mostly connective tissue).

Question 23

How are hepatocyte cells arranged?

Answer 23

In rows between blood vessels

Question 24

What functions do hepatocytes have?

Answer 24

Involved in protein synthesis and storage

Question 25

What are the functions of support epithelial cells in the liver?

Answer 25

Line blood vessels and bile ducts

Question 26

What are the functions of the support epithelial cells in the kidney?

Answer 26

Lines the blood vessels and the renal pelvis (which receives toxic urine)

Question 27

Give an example of over and under secretion of a gland

Answer 27

Pituitary dwarfism Pituitary gigantism

Question 28

What lines the fallopian tube?

Answer 28

Ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 29

What is the effect of chlamydia?

Answer 29

Causes extensive scarring and adhesions (parts of tissue become connected that are not meant to be connected) Mucus is very thick, meaning sperm and ovum cannot move

Question 30

What are the different classes of connective tissue?

Answer 30

Proper, cartilage, bone and blood

Question 31

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 31

Bind and support Protect Insulate Stores reserve fluid and energy Transports substances within the body Movement

Question 32

Where does all connective tissue come from?

Answer 32

Mesenchyme - loose and fluid embryonic tissue

Question 33

What is connective tissue mostly composed of?

Answer 33

Non-living material, the extracellular matrix

Question 34

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

Answer 34

Ground substance and Proteglycans

Question 35

What is the function of ground substance?

Answer 35

Fills in spaces between cells

Question 36

What is the function of proteoglycans?

Answer 36

- Anchoring - Produces lots of starchy glands called glycosaminoglycans, they radiate out of proteins like brush bristles which form tangles and trap water

Question 37

What are the different types of fibres than run throughout the ground substance?

Answer 37

Collagen, reticular and elastic fibres

Question 38

What is the most abundant type of fibre that runs throughout the ground substance?

Answer 38

Collagen - Strongest, tough and flexible

Question 39

Which type of fibre is long and thin and runs throughout the ground substance in a branching network and can be found in sheets?

Answer 39

Elastic fibres, which can stretch and recoil

Question 40

What type of fibre is short finer collagen fibres with an extra coating of glycoprotein?

Answer 40

Reticular

Question 41

What is the function of the reticular layer?

Answer 41

Delicate sponge like network that supports and cradles organs

Question 42

What is meant by 'Blast' cells

Answer 42

They are immature cells that are responsible for forming fibers and ground substance that form its unique matrix

Question 43

What is meant by 'cyte' cells?

Answer 43

Mature cells that have finished forming their matrix

Question 44

Give an example of connective tissue with an immune fucntion

Answer 44

Macrophages

Question 45

What determines wether proper connective tissue is dense or loose?

Answer 45

The amount of fibres within the ground substance

Question 46

Give examples of loose connective tissue

Answer 46

Areolar, reticular, adipose

Question 47

What are the cells and fibers contained within the areolar connective tissue?

Answer 47

Fibroblast cells, mast cells and white blood cells Collagen fibers, Elastin fibers, and Reticular fibers

Question 48

What is the most abundant type of tissue in the body?

Answer 48

Loose connective

Question 49

Give examples of dense proper connective tissue

Answer 49

Regular Irregular Elastic

Question 50

What is the difference between dense regular and dense irregular proper connective tissue?

Answer 50

Regular - Fibres in rows Irregular - Fibres not in rows - where tissue is exposed to forces in many directions

Question 51

Where can you find elastic tissue?

Answer 51

Artery walls