Tumour Lysis Syndrome Flashcards
Define Tumour Lysis Syndrome?
A group of metabolic abnormalities that can occur as a complication during treatment of cancer, where large amounts of tumour cells are lysed at the same time by treatment, releasing their contents into the bloodstream
What is the aetiology of Tumour Lysis Syndrome?
It is caused by the sudden lysis of many tumous cells which release their toxic contents into the blood stream
Occurs most commonly after treatment of lymphomas and leukaemias
What are the risk factors for Tumour Lysis Syndrome?
Tumour Characteristics
Patient Characteristics
Chemotherapy Characteristics
What are the Tumour Characteristics?
High Cell Turnover rate, rapid growth rate, high tumour bulk
What are the Patient Characteristics?
Baseline serum creatinine, renal insufficiency, dehyration
What are the Chemotherapy Characteristics?
Chemo-sensitive tumours (e.g. lymphoma) tends to have a higher risk
What is the epidemiology of Tumour Lysis Syndrome?
Tends to occur most commonly in patients with poorly differentiated lymphomas and leukaemias
What are the presenting symptoms of Tumour Lysis Syndrome?
Hyperkalaemia Hyperphosphataemia Hypocalcaemia Hyperuricaemia Lactic Acidosis
How does Hyperkalaemia present?
K+ is mainly an intracellular ion
Arrhythmias
Severe muscle Weakness and paralysis
How doe Hypocalcaemia present?
Calcium precipitates to form calcium phosphate, so serum calcium drops Tetany Parkinsonism Myopathy Sudden Mental Incapacity
What does Hyperuricaemia lead to?
Gout
What metabolites do we check for Tumour Lysis Syndrome to see if their deranged?
Potassium
Phosphate
Calcium
Uric Acid
What symptoms do we monitor for Tumour Lysis Syndrome?
Increased serum creatinine
Arrhythmia
Seizures
