Hepatocellular Carcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

Define Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A

Primary Malignancy of the liver parenchyma

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2
Q

What is Hepatocellular Carcinoma associated with?

A

Chronic Liver Damage
Metabolic Disease
Aflatoxins

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3
Q

What are some examples of chronic liver damage?

A

Alcoholic Liver damage
Hepatitis C
Autoimmune C

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4
Q

What is an example of Metabolic Disease?

A

Haemochromatosis

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5
Q

What is an example of Aflatoxins?

A

Cereals contaminated with fungi

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6
Q

What is the epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Common
1-2% of all malignancies
Less common than liver metastases
High incidence in regions where hepatitis B and C are endemic

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7
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

Symptoms of malignancy
History of exposure to carcinogens
Abdominal Distension
Jaundice

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8
Q

What are some symptoms of malignancy?

A

Malaise
Weight Loss
Loss of appetite

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9
Q

What is included in the history of exposure to carcinogens?

A

High alcohol intake
Hepatitis B or C (e.g. sexual activity, IV drug use)
Aflatoxins

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10
Q

What are the signs of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on physical examination?

A
Signs of Malignancy 
Hepatomegaly (may be nodular)
Jaundice 
Ascites 
Bruit over the liver
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11
Q

What signs of malignancy do you usually see in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A

Cachexia

Lymphadenopathy

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12
Q

What bloods would you do for Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A
FBC
ESR 
LFTs 
Clotting 
a-fetoprotein 
Hepatitis serology
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13
Q

What is a-feroprotein?

A

Tumour marker for liver cancer

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14
Q

What imaging would you do for Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A

Abdominal US

CT/MRI - gold standard for staging

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15
Q

What Histology/Cytology might you do for Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A

Ascitic Tap maybe sent for cytological analysis

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16
Q

What would you do for staging in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?

A

CT scan (chest/abdo/pelvis)