Lung Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Define Lung Cancer?

A

Primary Malignant Neoplasm of the lung

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2
Q

What is the WHO classification of bronchocarcinoma?

A

Small Cell Lung Cancer - 20%

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer- 80%

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3
Q

What are the risk factors for lung cancer?

A

Smoking
Asbestos Exposure
Other occupational exposure: polycyclic hydrocarbons, nickel, radon
Atmospheric Pollution

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4
Q

What is the epidemiology of Lung Cancer?

A

Most common fatal cancer in the west (18% of cancer mortality worldwide)
3x more common in males

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5
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of lung cancer?

A

May be asymptomatic
Symptoms due to primary
Symptoms due to local invasion
Symptoms due to metastatic disease or paraneoplastic phenomenon

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6
Q

What are the symptoms due to primary in Lung Cancer?

A

Cough
Haemoptysis
Chest pain
Recurrent pneumonia

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7
Q

What are the symptoms due to local invasion in Lung Cancer?

A

Brachial Plexus Invasion leads to shoulder/arm pain
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion leads to hoarse voice and bovine cough
Dysphagia
Arrhythmias
Horner’s Syndrome

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8
Q

What are the symptoms due to metastatic disease or paraneoplastic phenomenon in Lung Cancer?

A

Weight Loss
Fatigue
Fractures
Bone Pain

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9
Q

What are the signs of Lung Cancer on physical examination?

A

May be no signs
Fixed monophonic wheeze (suggesting there is a single obstruction)
Signs of lobar collapse or pleural effusion
Signs of metastases (e.g. supraclavicular lymphadenopathy or hepatomegaly)

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10
Q

What investigations would you do for diagnosis for lung cancer?

A
CXR
Sputum Cytology 
Bronchoscopy with brushings or biopsy 
CT/US-guided percutaneous biopsy 
Lymph node biopsy
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11
Q

What would you do for staging of Lung Cancer?

A

Requires CT/MRI of head, chest and abdomen

PET scans may also be useful

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12
Q

What bloods would you do for Lung Cancer and what might they mean?

A
FBC 
U&Es 
Calcium (hypercalcaemia is a common feature)
ALP (raised with bone metastases)
LFTs
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13
Q

What investigations would you do Pre-Op in Lung Cancer?

A

ABG

Pulmonary Function Tests

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