Squamous Cell Carcinoma Flashcards

1
Q

Define Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Malignancy of epidermal keratinocytes of the skin

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2
Q

What is Marjolin’s Ulcer?

A

It is a squamous cell carcinoma that arises in an area of chronically inflamed skin

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3
Q

What is the main risk factor for Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

UV radiation

Sun exposure can lead to actinic keratosis (sun-induced precancerous lesion)

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4
Q

What are the other risk factors for Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Radiation
Carcinogens (e.g. tar derivatives, cigarette smoke)
Chronic Skin Disease (e.g. lupus)
HPV
Long-term immunosuppression
Defects in DNA repair (xeroderma pigmentosum)

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5
Q

What is the epidemiology of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Second most common cutaenous malignancy (20% of all skin cancers)
Occurs mainly in Middle-Aged and Elderly People
Light-Skinned individuals are at higher risk
2-3x more common in MALES

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6
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

A

Skin Lesion
Ulcerated
Recurrent Bleeding
Non-Healing

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7
Q

What are the signs of Squamous Cell Carcinoma on physical examination?

A

Variable appearance - may be ulcerated, hyperkeratotic, crusted or scaly, non-healing
Often on sun-exposed areas
Palpate for local lymphadenopathy

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8
Q

What investigations would you do for Squamous Cell Carcinoma and why?

A

Skin Biopsy - confirm malignancy and specific type
Fine-needle aspiration or lymph node biopsy - if metastasis is suspected
Staging - Using CT, MRI or PET

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