Tumour Lysis syndrome Flashcards
what is tumour lysis syndrome?
metabolic abnormalities that arise from cancer treatment- especially leukaemia and lymphoma
what are the risk factors for tumour lysis syndrome?
Tumour Characteristics - high cell turnover rate, rapid growth rate, high tumour bulk
Patient Characteristics - baseline serum creatinine, renal insufficiency, dehydration
Chemotherapy Characteristics - chemo-sensitive tumours (e.g. lymphoma) tends to have a higher risk
what are the electrolytes for tumour lysis syndrome?
Hyperkalaemia
Hyperphosphataemia
Hypocalcaemia
Hyperuricaemia
why is there hypocalcaemia?
Calcium precipitates to form calcium phosphate, so serum calcium drops
what are the symptoms of hyperkalaemia?
Arrhythmias – syncope/ chest pain/ dyspnoea
Severe muscle weakness and paralysis
Parasthesia
what are the effects of hyperphosphataemia?
Causes acute kidney failure because of deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the kidney parenchyma
what are the symptoms of hypocalcaemia?
Tetany
Parkinsonism
Myopathy
Sudden mental incapacity
Parasthesia
Trousseau and Chvostek sign
what are the effects hyperuricaemia?
gout
what are the symptoms of the biochem imbalance?
N+V+D
Anorexia
Muscle weakness + cramps
Lethargy
