Tumors and Meningitis

Question 1

Where are most brain tumors normally found in pediatric patients?

Answer 1

posterior fossa/infratentorial

Question 2

Where are most brain tumors normally found in adult patients?

Answer 2

supratentorial or hemispheric

Question 3

What two mutations are associated with primary GBM?

Answer 3

EGFR amplification and PTEN mutations

Question 4

What mutation is associated with secondary GBM?

Answer 4

TP53 mutation and IDH mutant

Question 5

Where are brain metastasis normally found?

Answer 5

grey white junction

Question 6

What markers are associated with primary lung metastasis?

Answer 6

Cytokeratin 7, TTF-1

Question 7

What is the most common intradural spinal cord tumor?

Answer 7

Ependymomas

Question 8

What are the most common extradural spinal cord tumors?

Answer 8

Schwannomas and meningiomas

Question 9

What tumor origin has AFP?

Answer 9

Yolk sac

Question 10

What tumor origin has hCG?

Answer 10

Choriocarcinoma

Question 11

What are the two AD mutations in tuberous sclerosis?

Answer 11

TSC1 (9q) and TSC2 (16p)

Question 12

What two mutations mark most of adult diffuse astrocytomas?

Answer 12

ATRX loss and IDH1 mutation

Question 13

What is the difference between a diffuse astrocytoma and a circumscribed astrocytoma?

Answer 13

Circumscribed are usually benign and pediatric

Diffuse are malignant and produce large mass effect

Question 14

Which grade of diffuse astrocytoma has marked contrast enhancement?

Answer 14

Grade 4

Question 15

What should you consider if brain metastasis are only in posterior fossa?

Answer 15

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 16

What is the WBC count usually in Viral meningitis?

Answer 16

under 1000

Question 17

What is the hallmark of encephalitis?

Answer 17

altered mental status

Question 18

What are the most common viruses identified in viral meningitis?

Answer 18

Coxsackievirus A9 and B1, Echovirus 6,5,18

non polio enterovirus

Question 19

How are Arboviruses transmitted?

Answer 19

ticks/mosquitos

Question 20

What is the vector of Chikungunya virus?

What does it cause?

Answer 20

Aedes Aegypti mosquito

Meningitis

(Togaviridae)

Question 21

What is the most common cause of acute sporadic viral encephalitis?

What location of the brain does it affect?

Answer 21

HSV 1

Temporal through olfactory bulb

Question 22

How do you treat HSV 1?

Answer 22

Acyclovir for 3 weeks minimum

Question 23

What is the most common cause of Mollarets meningitis?

Answer 23

HSV 2

Question 24

What is the distinct profile of CMV encephalitis?

Answer 24

Hypoglycorrhachia with neutrophilic pleocytosis and inc protein

Question 25

How do you treat CMV encephalitis?

Answer 25

gangciclovir

Question 26

In what kind of patients would you see HHV 6?

Answer 26

bone marrow transplant patients

Question 27

How is Herpes Virus B transmitted?

Answer 27

Macaques monkeys

Question 28

How do you treat Herpes Virus B?

Answer 28

acyclovir or gangciclovir